Whakamārama
Ko te pūmanawa hiko e tautuhia ana ko pūngao pūmanawa mō ia waeine utu hikoHei tauira, ina tae ki te pūwāhi a, ko te kaha pūmanawa o te utu q he EPa , kātahi ka whakatakotoria te pūmanawa i te pūwāhi a penei:
Whakaahuatanga: V = pūmanawa hiko, EP = pūngao pūmanawa hiko, q = utu hiko.
Kāore a V i te pūwāhi a anake engari kei ngā pūwāhi katoa hoki o roto mara hiko. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te pūwāhi a. Ka whakamāramahia i muri mai, kāore tōna uara e whakawhirinaki ana ki te utu q.
He rahinga tauine te EP me te utu hiko, nō reira he rahinga tauine anō hoki a V. Pūnaha ā-ao o ngā waeine Ko Joule te EP, ā, ko Coulomb te wae pūnaha ā-ao mō te utu hiko, nō reira ko Joule ia Coulomb te wae pūnaha ā-ao V (J/C). Ko Volt tētahi atu ingoa mō J/C, i ahu mai i te ingoa o te kaipūtaiao Itari me te kaihanga o te pākahiko hiko, a Alessandro Volta (1745-1827).
Te rerekētanga pūmanawa hiko
V i tētahi pūwāhi, hei tauira, V i te pūwāhi a, arā, Va, kāore e taea te mōhio ki tōna uara nā te mea ko te mea nui ko te huringa o te pūmanawa. Ka taea te mōhio ki te uara o te huringa o te pūmanawa mā te tatau, mā te ine rānei. Ka huri a V ina neke te utu q mai i tētahi pūwāhi ki tētahi atu. Hei tauira, ki te neke te utu q mai i te pūwāhi a ki te pūwāhi b, ko te huringa o te pūmanawa ko:
Vab ko te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua i roto i te papa hiko, hei tauira, ko ngā pūwāhi a me b. Ko te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i ngā pūwāhi a me b (Vab) me pakihi te kaha e pā ana ki te utu hiko i runga i te utu hiko i a ia e neke ana mai i te pūwāhi a ki te pūwāhi b, mō ia utu kotahi (Wab/q). Me mōhio ko te mahi i mahia e te kaha hiko i runga i te utu q i te nekehanga mai i te pūwāhi a ki te pūwāhi b (Wab) he rite tonu ki te huringa o te pūngao pūmanawa o te utu q (ΔEP). Nō reira, i roto i te whārite i runga ake nei, ka taea te whakakapi i te ΔEP e Wab.
Ina kei te teitei tetahi mea i runga ake i te whenua, he kaha pūmanawa tōpana tōna, ā, ka whakamahia te mata o te whenua hei pūwāhi tohutoro. I tēnei wā, ka whakatakotoria te teitei o te mata o te whenua me te kaha pūmanawa tōpana i te mata o te whenua ki te kore. He rite ki te kaha pūmanawa tōpana, ina kī tātou he kaha tōpana tētahi pūwāhi, me whakamahi tētahi atu pūwāhi hei pūwāhi tohutoro, me te whakaaro ko te rerekētanga pūmanawa anake ka taea te tatau. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te whenua, ko te kaiārahi hiko rānei e hono ana ki te whenua ka whiriwhiria hei pūwāhi tohutoro, ā, ka whakatakotoria te kaha o te kaiārahi, te kaha rānei i roto i te whenua ki te kore. Nō reira, ki te 12 Volts te V o tētahi pūwāhi, ko te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i taua pūwāhi me te whenua he 12 Volts. I roto i te pākahiko 6 Volt, ko te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i te pito pai me te pito kino he 6 Volts. Nā te mea ko te waeine o te rerekētanga pūmanawa ko Volts, ko te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua ka kiia ko te ngaohiko hiko.
Ka taea te tuhi anō i te whārite rerekētanga pūmanawa i runga ake nei penei:
Mena ka haere te utu q mā roto i te rerekētanga pūmanawa Vab kātahi ka huri te pūngao pūmanawa mā te ΔEP. Hei tauira, ki te haere tētahi utu o te 2 Coulombs mā roto i tētahi rerekētanga pūmanawa o te 12 Volts, ka huri te pūngao pūmanawa mā te (2 C)(12 V) = 24 Joules. Waihoki, ki te haere tētahi utu o te 4 Coulombs mā roto i tētahi rerekētanga pūmanawa o te 24 Volts, ka huri te pūngao pūmanawa mā te (4 C)(24 V) = 96 Joules.
Nō reira, he rite te huringa o te pūngao pūmanawa (ΔEP) ki te utunga (q) me te ngaohiko hiko (V).ab). Ka nui ake te utu hiko me/ranei te ngaohiko, ka nui ake te huringa o te pūngao pūmanawa. E pā ana te pūngao pūmanawa ki te kaha ki te mahi, nō reira, ki te nui te huringa o te pūngao pūmanawa, ka nui anō hoki te kaha ki te mahi.
He whānui tonu te whārite rerekētanga pūmanawa i runga ake nei. Hei tiki i tētahi whārite V taipitopito ake, tirohia rerekētanga pūmanawa i roto i tētahi papa hiko ōrite, ā, e whakaputaina ana e te utunga kotahi.
Mara hiko ōrite
Ka taea te tatau i te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua i roto i te papa hiko ōrite, hei tauira, te pūwāhi a me te pūwāhi b, mā te whakamahi i te whārite i raro nei:
Whakaahuatanga: Vab = te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua, E = te papa hiko me s = te tawhiti i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua.
Utaina kotahi
Ka taea te tatau i te pūmanawa i tētahi pūwāhi nā te noho mai o tētahi utunga kotahi e whakaputa ana i tētahi āpure hiko mā te whakamahi i te whārite:
Whakaahuatanga: Vab = te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua, k = te pūmau o Coulomb, Q = te utunga kotahi e whakaputa ana i tētahi āpure hiko, r = te tawhiti i waenga i te utunga Q me te pūwāhi e tatauhia ai te pūmanawa.
Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te mara hiko me te pūmanawa
He rahinga whārite te papa hiko, ko te pūmanawa ia he rahinga tauine. Kei roto i ngā rahinga whārite te ahunga, ā, he uaua ake te tatau i ēnei rahinga i ngā rahinga tauine. Hei whakahaere i ngā tataunga, ka whakamahia he whārite e whakaatu ana i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te papa hiko me te pūmanawa.
Ko te whārite rerekētanga pūmanawa i whakamāramahia i mua ake nei kua tuhia anō penei:
I roto i te pāngarau, ko te mahi te hua o te kaha me te nekehanga, ko te kaha te hua o te utu me te papa hiko. Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te mahi, te kaha, me te nekehanga ka whakaatuhia mā te whārite i raro nei:
Ki te honoa ngā whārite e rua i runga ake nei, ka puta he whārite hou penei i raro nei:
Whakaahuatanga: E = Papa hiko, Vab= te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua, hei tauira, ngā pūwāhi a me b, d = te tawhiti i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua.
Ko te ine o te rerekētanga pūmanawa ko Volt, ā, ko te ine o te tawhiti ko mita, kia taea ai te whakaatu i te papa hiko i roto i ngā ine o Volt ia mita (V/m).
Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei whārite hei whakatau i tētahi mara hiko (ōrite) mēnā e mōhiotia ana te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua me te tawhiti i waenganui i a rāua. E ai ki te whārite, he ōrite te mara hiko ki te pūmanawa, ā, he ōrite whakamuri ki te tawhiti. Ko te tikanga tēnei, ko te nui ake o te pūmanawa, ko te nui ake o te mara hiko, ā, ko te nui ake o te tawhiti, ko te iti ake o te mara hiko.
