Gametogenesis: Te Tukanga o te Whakaputa i ngā Pūtau Ira Tangata i roto i te Tinana
He tukanga koiora nui te gametogenesis i roto i te whakaputa uri ā-ira tangata, arā, ngā pūtau ira tangata, ngā gametes rānei. Mā tēnei tukanga ka tīmata ia whakatupuranga hou me ngā rauemi ira ahurei, ka taea ai te urutau me te whanaketanga o te momo. I roto i te tangata me te maha atu o ngā rauropi, e rua ngā momo gametes e puta ana: te parāoa i roto i ngā tāne me ngā hua i roto i ngā uwha. Ko ngā tukanga o tō rātou hanganga, e kiia nei ko te spermatogenesis me te oogenesis, ka puta mā roto i tētahi raupapa uaua o ngā wāhanga i roto i ngā whekau whakaputa uri. Ka ruku hohonu ake tēnei tuhinga ki ngā tikanga o te gametogenesis, ōna rerekētanga i waenga i ngā tāne me ngā wāhine, me tōna hiranga ki te ora.
Te whakaputanga o te parāoa
Tauwāhi me ngā Wāhanga
Ka puta te whakaputanga parāoa i roto i ngā whakamātautau, inā koa i roto i ngā ngongo haurua-ira. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei ngongo he taiao tino pai mō te whanaketanga o ngā pūtau parāoa. Ka tīmata te tukanga me ngā pūtau take parāoa e mōhiotia ana ko te spermatogonia. Ka pāngia ngā spermatogonia e te mitosis hei whakaputa i ngā pūtau ōrite, kātahi ka wehewehe hei spermatocytes tuatahi.
I muri i te hanganga, ka pāngia ngā pūtau parāoa tuatahi e te meiosis I hei whakaputa i ngā pūtau parāoa tuarua e rua. Kātahi ka pāngia ia pūtau parāoa tuarua e te meiosis II hei whakaputa i ngā pūtau parāoa e rua, arā, ngā pūtau e whanake tika ana hei parāoa pakeke.
Te whakaputanga o te parāoa
Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga o te whakaputanga parāoa ka kiia ko te spermiogenesis, ā, i taua wā ka rerekē te āhua o ngā parāoa hei parāoa pakeke, hei parāoa rānei. Kei roto i ēnei huringa ko te hanganga o te hiku, te whakapūpū o ngā rauemi ira i roto i te pane parāoa, me te hanganga o te acrosome—he hanganga nui kei roto ngā whākōkī e tika ana mō te uru ki te pakitara o te pūtau hua manu.
Te Whakahaere Hormonal
Ka whakahaerehia te whakaputanga parāoa e ngā homoni, ko te nuinga o te wā e te homoni whakaoho follicle (FSH) me te homoni luteinizing (LH) o te repe pituitary, tae atu ki te testosterone i hangaia e ngā testes. Ka whakaoho te FSH i te whakaputanga me te pakeketanga o te parāoa, ko te LH ia ka whakatairanga i te whakaputanga testosterone, he mea nui mō te whakahaere i te taiao testicular me te tukanga whakaputanga parāoa.
Oogenesis
Tauwāhi me ngā Wāhanga
Ka puta te oogenesis i roto i ngā ovaries, ā, ka tīmata i mua i te whānautanga. I te wā e whanake ana te kukune, ka maha ngā huringa mitosis o te oogonia—ngā pūtau take hua manu—hei hanga i ētahi atu oogonia. Kātahi ka tīmata te meiosis o ēnei oogonia, ā, ka mutu i te prophase I, ka noho hei oocytes tuatahi.
Ka mutu te tukanga o te oogenesis mō te wā poto i muri i te whānautanga o te kōtiro, ā, ka tīmata anō i muri i tōna pakeketanga. I ia marama, ka puta te meiosis i roto i ētahi o ngā oocytes tuatahi, engari kotahi anake te mea ka tino pakeke hei oocytes tuarua. Kātahi ka tukuna tēnei oocytes tuarua mai i te ovary i te wā o te whakaputa uri.
Ki te whakamomonatia te hua manu e te parāoa, ka oti i a ia te meiosis tuarua, ka puta he hua manu kua pakeke, me te tinana polar kua heke. Kāore i rite ki te spermatogenesis, ka puta he gamete mahi kotahi anake mai i ia huringa meiosis i te oogenesis, ka taea ai e ngā rauemi pūtau te arotahi ki tētahi hua manu kotahi, kua rite ki te whakamomona.
Te Whakahaere Hormonal
Pērā i te whakaputanga parāoa, ka whakahaerehia hoki te oogenesis e ngā homoni, inā koa ko te FSH me te LH. I roto i ngā wāhine, ka awe te huringa paheketanga i te tukanga oogenesis. Ka whakaoho te LH i te whakaputanga o te hua manu, ko te FSH ia ka whakaoho i te tipu me te pakeketanga o ngā follicle i roto i ngā ovaries. He mea nui anō hoki te mahi a te estrogen me te progesterone ki te whakarite i te tinana mō te haputanga pea.
Te Hiranga o te Rerekētanga Ira
He mahi nui tā te gametogenesis ki te waihanga i ngā rerekētanga ira mā roto i ngā tikanga o te whakakotahitanga me te wehenga matapōkere o ngā chromosome i te wā meiosis. Mā te whakakotahitanga, te whakawhiti rānei, ka taea te whakawhiti i ngā wāhanga DNA i waenga i ngā chromosome ōrite, ka hangaia he huinga ira hou, ahurei hoki. Hei tāpiri, mā te wehenga matapōkere o ngā chromosome mātua ki ngā gametes ka taea te rerekētanga mutunga kore i roto i ngā huinga chromosome o ngā uri.
Ko tēnei rerekētanga ira te pūtake o te kōwhiringa taiao me te whanaketanga, e āhei ai ngā momo ki te urutau ki ngā taiao hurihuri me te pehi i te ngoikore ki ētahi mate.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga nui te gametogenesis e uru ana ki te hanganga o ngā pūtau ira tāne me te wahine, me ngā tikanga i hangaia hei whakarite kia angitu te whakaputa uri ā-ira me te rerekētanga ira i waenga i ngā whakatipuranga. Mā te mārama ki te gametogenesis, ehara i te mea ka mārama noa ki ngā mahi koiora taketake o te tangata, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i tō tātou mōhiotanga ki te whakaputa uri, te momonatanga, me te whanaketanga.
Kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau anō i tēnei wāhanga ki te whakarato i ngā māramatanga hōhonu ake mō ngā take momona me te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau āwhina whakaputa uri whai hua ake. Mā te ako i te gametogenesis ka taea hoki te ārahi ki te māramatanga pai ake ki ngā mate ira me te whakarato i ngā otinga pea mō te ārai i aua mate.
