Te Tūranga o ngā Hōmona i roto i te Whakaputa Uri
Ko te whakaputa uri tētahi o ngā mahi koiora tino nui mō te oranga tonutanga o te momo. Kei roto ko tētahi tukanga uaua e whakahaerehia ana e ngā homoni maha e mahi tahi ana hei whakarite i te whakatōnga, te whanaketanga o te kukune, me te whānautanga. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou te tūranga o ngā homoni matua i roto i te whakaputa uri o te tangata.
Ngā Homoni me te Huringa Paheketanga
I roto i ngā wāhine, ko te huringa paheketanga he tukanga marama e whakarite ana i te tinana mō te hapūtanga. Koinei te tauira tino kitea o te whakahaere a ngā homoni i te mahi whakaputa uri. E 28 ngā rā te roa o te huringa paheketanga noa, ā, kua wehea kia maha ngā wāhanga: te wāhanga follicular, te whakaputa uri, me te wāhanga luteal.
1. Wāhanga Follicular
Ka tīmata tēnei wāhanga i te rā tuatahi o te paheketanga, ā, ka mutu ki te whakaputanga o ngā hua manu. I tēnei wāhanga, ka whakaoho te homoni whakaoho follicle (FSH), e hangaia ana e te repe pituitary, i te tipu o ngā follicle i roto i ngā ovaries. Kātahi ka whakaputa ngā follicle e tipu ana i te estrogen, he homoni e whai kawenga ana mō te whakamātotoru i te arai endometrial o te kōpū hei whakarite mō te haputanga pea.
2. Te whakaputanga o te hua manu
Ka piki ake ngā taumata o te estrogen i waenganui o te huringa ka puta he pikinga o te homoni luteinizing (LH). Ka puta he hua manu kua pakeke mai i te ovary i tēnei pikinga LH—he tukanga e mōhiotia ana ko te ovulation. I muri i te ovulation, ka haere te hua manu ki te ngongo fallopian, ki reira tatari ai kia whakatōkia e te parāoa.
3. Wāhanga Luteal
I muri i te whakaputanga o te hua manu, ka huri te pūmua pakaru hei corpus luteum ka tīmata te tuku i te progesterone me te iti o te estrogen hei pupuri i te arai endometrial. Ki te kore e hapu, ka pakaru te corpus luteum, ka heke te hanga progesterone, ā, ka marere te endometrium, ka tīmata anō te huringa paheketanga.
Ngā Homoni i te Hapūtanga
Ki te angitu te whakatōnga, ka tīmata ētahi atu homoni ki te pupuri i te hāputanga, me te whakarite kia tika te whanaketanga o te tamaiti i roto i te pēpi.
1. Te Gonadotropin Chorionic Tangata (hCG)
I muri i te whakatōnga o te kukune, ka tīmata te kiko o te whenua e whanake ana ki te tuku hCG. Mā tēnei homoni e pupuri te corpus luteum, e haere tonu ana ki te whakaputa i te progesterone me te estrogen tae noa ki te tino whanake o te whenua, ā, ka taea e ia te tuku i ēnei homoni māna ake. He maha ngā wā ka kitea e ngā whakamātautau hapūtanga te aroaro o te hCG, he tohu wawe mō te hapūtanga.
2. Te Progesterone me te Estrogen
I te wā e hapu ana, he mea nui te mahi a te progesterone ki te pupuri i te arai o te kōpū me te aukati i te whakahekenga o ngā uaua o te kōpū. I taua wā, he mea nui te estrogen mō te tipu o ngā kiko kōpū me te whakanui ake i te rere o te toto ki te kōpū.
3. Whakangāwari
He mahi tā tēnei homoni ki te whakangāwari i ngā hononga i roto i te hope me te whakangāwari i te kaki o te kōpū hei whakarite i te tinana mō te whānautanga. Hei tāpiri, ka āwhina te relaxin ki te pupuri i tētahi taiao hauora mō te whanaketanga o te kukune.
Ngā Hormone me te Tukanga Whānau
I te mutunga o te hapūtanga, ka puta te whānautanga mai i ngā panoni o ngā taumata homoni.
1. Oxytocin
Ka hangaia tēnei homoni e te hypothalamus, ā, ka rongoatia ki te repe pituitary o muri. Ina tata te whānautanga, ka tukuna te oxytocin hei whakaoho i ngā kōpiritanga o te kōpū i te wā e whānau ana. Ka whakaoho hoki i te rerenga tuku-iho, e tuku ana i te waiū kia rere mai i ngā ū.
2. Ngā Prostaglandin
He mahi anō tā ēnei waikawa ngako ki te whakaoho i ngā hukihuki o te kōpū me te whakarite i te kaki o te kōpū mō te whakawhānui i te wā e whānau ana.
Ngā Homoni i roto i te Whakaputa Uri Tāne
I roto i ngā tāne, he mahi nui anō tā ngā homoni ki te pūnaha whakaputa uri, ahakoa kāore he huringa o tēnei tukanga pērā i ngā wāhine.
1. Testosterone
Ko te testosterone te homoni tuatahi o te androgen e hangaia ana e ngā testes. He mea nui tēnei homoni mō te whanaketanga o ngā āhuatanga ira tangata tuarua, pērā i te tupu o te huruhuru kanohi me te reo hōhonu, ā, he pānga anō hoki ki te whakaohooho ira tangata me te whakaputa parāoa.
2. Te Hormone Whakaoho i te Follicle (FSH) me te Hormone Luteinizing (LH)
He rite te hiranga o ēnei homoni e rua ki ngā tāne, ki ngā wāhine hoki. Ka whakaoho te FSH i te whakaputanga o te parāoa i roto i ngā ngongo seminiferous o ngā testes, ko te LH ia ka whakaoho i ngā pūtau Leydig i roto i ngā testes kia whakaputa testosterone.
Te Taunekeneke o ngā Homoni me ngā Take o Waho
He mea nui kia maumahara kāore ngā homoni whakaputa uri e mahi noa iho. Ka pā pea ngā āhuatanga o waho pēnei i te ahotea, te kai, me te momo noho ki ngā homoni, ā, ka pā hoki ki te hauora whakaputa uri. Hei tauira, ka taea e te ahotea mau tonu te whakararuraru i te tohu homoni, engari ka pā pea te korenga o ngā kai ki te hanga a te tinana i ngā homoni nui.
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga nui ngā homoni o te pūnaha whakaputa uri tangata, e whakarite ana kia tika te haere o ia wāhanga, mai i te huringa paheketanga ki te haputanga me te whānautanga. Ehara i te mea he mea nui anake te mārama ki te mahi me ngā taunekeneke o ēnei homoni i roto i te horopaki o te hauora whakaputa uri, engari ka whakaratohia hoki he māramatanga ki te whanaketanga o ngā maimoatanga pai ake me ngā wawaotanga hauora i roto i te mara. Hei wāhanga nui o te pūnaha endocrine, ka whakarite ngā homoni kia whakahaerehia ngā mahi whakaputa uri me te tino whai hua, kia taea ai te whakaora tonu i te ora.
