Tauira o ngā Pātai Kōrero mō te Meiosis
Ko te Meiosis he tukanga wehenga pūtau e whakaiti ana i te maha o ngā ira-ira ki te haurua, ā, koinei te pūtake mō ngā rerekētanga ira i roto i ngā rauropi whakaputa uri. Ka puta te Meiosis i ngā wāhanga matua e rua, ko te meiosis I me te meiosis II, ā, ka puta mai e ia ētahi pūtau tamahine haploid e whā mai i tētahi pūtau matua diploid kotahi. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā tauira me ngā kōrero e pā ana ki te meiosis, hei āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki ngā ariā matua e whai wāhi ana ki tēnei tukanga.
Te Hiranga o te Mārama ki te Meiosis
I mua i tā tātou ruku ki ngā tauira raruraru, he mea nui kia mārama he aha te hiranga o te meiosis. Ehara i te mea ko ngā gametes anake (pērā i te parāoa me ngā hua manu) e puta mai ana i tēnei tukanga he mea nui mō te whakaputa uri ā-ira, engari ka whai wāhi hoki ki te kanorau ira mā roto i ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakawhiti me te wehewehenga ira tūpono. Ka whakarite te meiosis kia whai huinga ira ahurei ia whakatipuranga, kia ngāwari ai te urutau me te whanaketanga.
Ngā Wāhanga o te Meiosis
Anei tētahi tirohanga poto mō ngā wāhanga o te meiosis:
1. Meiosis I – Te wāhanga whakaiti e wehea ai ngā takirua ira ira ōrite, ka puta ai ngā pūtau haploid e rua.
– Porowha I: Ka whakaranua ngā ira ki roto i te karihi pūtau, ka honoa ngātahitia, ka whakawhitia.
– Wāhanga Matawhā I: Ka whakarārangihia ngā takirua ira-ira ōrite i te taha o te ekueta pūtau.
– Anaphase I: Ka kumea ngā ira-ira ōrite ki ngā pou rerekē o te pūtau.
– Telophase I me te Cytokinesis: Ka wehea te pūtau kia rua ngā pūtau tamahine haploid.
2. Meiosis II – He wāhanga wehenga rite tonu ki te mitosis.
– Porowha II: Ka tīmata te whakapoto o ngā ira-ira i roto i ia pūtau tamahine.
– Wāhanga Whakatairanga II: Ka tū ngā ira tangata ki waenganui o te pūtau.
– Anaphase II: Ka wehea ngā chromatid tuahine, ka kumea ki ngā pou rerekē.
– Telophase II me te Cytokinesis: Te hanganga o ngā pūtau haploid e whā me ngā waehere ira ahurei.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Nā, me tūhura tātou i ētahi tauira pātai e pā ana ki te meiosis hei hōhonu ake i tō tātou māramatanga.
Pātai 1: Whakamāramahia te mea ka tupu i te wā whakawhiti-whakawhiti, me te hiranga o tēnei wāhanga i roto i te meiosis.
Kōrero:
Ka puta te whakawhiti ira i te wā o te wāhanga tuatahi o te meiosis. He tukanga tēnei e whakawhiti ana ngā chromatids ōrite o te takirua chromosomes ōrite i ngā wāhanga DNA. Ka hangaia he huinga hou o ngā ira kāore i roto i ngā mātua taketake, ka whakanui ake i te rerekētanga ira i roto i te taupori. Mā te whakawhiti ira ka taea ngā huinga hou o ngā āhuatanga ira, he painga urutau mō te momo nā te mea ka whakanui ake i te kaha o te taupori ki te aro atu ki ngā huringa taiao.
Pātai 2: Mena he 2n=16 te tau o te ira-ira takirua o te pūtau matua, e hia ngā ira-ira o ia pūtau tamahine i muri i te meiosis II?
Kōrero:
I te mutunga o te meiosis II, ka haurua te maha o ngā ira o ia pūtau tamāhine i te maha o ngā ira o te pūtau matua. Nō reira, mēnā i tīmata te pūtau matua me te 2n=16, i muri i te meiosis II, ka n=8 ngā ira o ia pūtau tamāhine. Nā te mea he wehenga whakaiti te meiosis e whakaiti ana i te ira kua whakatakotoria ki te haurua mō te kaupapa o te hanganga gamete.
Pātai 3: Whakatauritea ngā hua whakamutunga o ngā tukanga meiosis me te mitosis.
Kōrero:
– Ka puta i te meiosis ētahi pūtau tamahine haploid e whā, ia pūtau he haurua te maha o ngā ira o te pūtau matua. He rerekē te ira o ēnei pūtau tetahi i tetahi, me te pūtau matua hoki, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te rerekētanga ira. He mea nui tēnei mō te hanganga o ngā gamete.
– Engari, ka puta mai i te mitosis ngā pūtau tamahine takirua e rua, he rite tonu te āhua o tētahi ki tētahi, me te āhua o te pūtau matua. Ka whakamahia te mitosis mō te tipu, te whakatikatika, me te whakaputa uri kore-ira.
Pātai 4: He aha i kiia ai te meiosis ko te wehenga whakaiti, ehara i te wehenga pūtau anake?
Kōrero:
Ka kiia te Meiosis ko te wehenga whakaiti nā te mea ko tana mahi matua he whakaiti i te maha o ngā ira ki te haurua o te pūtau matua, ka puta he pūtau me te huinga kotahi o ngā ira (haploid) mai i te pūtau taketake me ngā huinga e rua (diploid). He rerekē tēnei i te wehenga pūtau noa, te mitosis, e noho tonu ana te maha o ngā ira i waenga i te pūtau matua me ngā pūtau tamāhine. He mea nui te wehenga whakaiti hei pupuri i te pumau o ngā ira i te wā whakatō, e honoa ai ngā gamete haploid e rua hei hanga i tētahi rauropi diploid hou.
Whakamutunga
Ko te mārama ki te meiosis me ngā āhuatanga rerekē e pā ana ki tēnei tukanga he mea nui ki te ako i te koiora pūtau, te ira tangata, me te whanaketanga. Mā te matapaki i ngā raruraru i runga ake nei, ka taea e tātou te kite i te whai wāhi a te meiosis ki te kanorau koiora me te tiaki momo. Mā te ako i ngā tauira me ngā matapakinga o te meiosis, ehara i te mea ka whiwhi tātou i te mātauranga ariā anake engari me ngā pūkenga tātari hei whakamahi i ēnei ariā i roto i ngā horopaki whānui. He mea nui tēnei mō tētahi ākonga koiora e hiahia ana ki te ruku hohonu ki te ao o te ira tangata me te whakaputa uri.
