Isayensi

Uketshezi, kokubili uketshezi namagesi, kunamazinga ahlukahlukene okunamathela. Ukuqina ngokuyisisekelo kungamandla okungqubuzana phakathi kwama-molecule akha uketshezi. Ama-molecule akha uketshezi oluxubanayo njengoba lugeleza. Kuketshezi, ukunamathelana kubangelwa ukuhlangana (ukukhangana phakathi kwama-molecule afanayo). Kumagesi, ukunamathelana kubangelwa ukushayisana phakathi kwama-molecule.

Uketshezi oluwuketshezi luvame ukugeleza kalula, isibonelo amanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uketshezi olujiyile kunzima ukulugeleza, isibonelo uwoyela wokupheka, uwoyela, uju, njll. Ungakufakazela lokhu ngokuthela amanzi namafutha okupheka phansi okuthambekele. Amanzi azogeleza ngokushesha kunamafutha okupheka noma uwoyela. Ukuqina koketshezi nakho kuncike ekushiseni. Uma izinga lokushisa loketshezi liphakeme, uketshezi luyancipha. Isibonelo, lapho umama ethosa izinhlanzi ekhishini, uwoyela wokupheka owugqinsi ekuqaleni uba uketshezi oluningi uma ushiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho izinga lokushisa legesi liphakama, kulapho igesi iba lukhuni kakhulu.

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Wake wayibona ikhandlela? ngethemba ukuthi uzoyisebenzisa. Esinye isenzakalo esithakazelisayo esingasibona lapho ikhandlela livutha. Iphansi lentambo yekhandlela elivuthayo livame ukuba manzi njalo ngentambo encibilikisiwe (entanjeni). Ukuba khona kwentambo encibilikisiwe entanjeni kusho ukuthi ikhandlela lingasha isikhathi eside. Yini ebangela ukuthi intambo encibilikisiwe ikhuphuke iye entanjeni yekhandlela elivuthayo? singabona isenzakalo esifanayo ezitotshini.

Izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezimpilweni zethu zifana nezenzakalo ezenzeka emakhandleleni nasezibanini zikawoyela. Kunjengokungathi uketshezi lunemilenze, oluvumela ukuthi luhambe luye phezulu. Ungakuchaza lokhu ngokwesayensi? Umqondo owodwa wefiziksi ongachaza izenzakalo ezenzeka emakhandleleni, ezibanini zikawoyela, nakwezinye izinto eziningi ezihlobene nawo yi-capillarity.

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Izinto Zomthetho zika-Archimedes

Wake wawubona umkhumbi? Uma ungakaze uwubone mathupha, ngethemba ukuthi uwubonile kuthelevishini noma ku-inthanethi. Umkhumbi onobunzima obukhulu kakhulu awucwili, kuyilapho itshe elincane, elilula lingakwazi. Kungani kunjalo? Impendulo ilula kakhulu uma uqonda imiqondo yokuntanta kanye nesimiso sika-Archimedes.

Empilweni yansuku zonke, sizothola ukuthi izinto ezibekwe oketshezini, njengedwala, zinesisindo esincane kunalapho into ingekho oketshezini. Ungase ube nobunzima bokuphakamisa idwala ebusweni bomhlaba, kodwa idwala elifanayo liphakanyiswa kalula phansi kwechibi. Lokhu kungenxa yamandla okuntanta. Ukuqina kwenzeka ngenxa yomehluko wokucindezela koketshezi ekujuleni okuhlukene. Ukucindezela koketshezi kuyanda ngokujula, lapho uketshezi lujula, kulapho ukucindezela koketshezi kuba kukhulu. Uma into ifakwa oketshezini, kuzoba nomehluko wokucindezela phakathi koketshezi olungaphezu kwento noketshezi olungaphansi kwento. Uketshezi olutholakala phansi kwento lunokucindezela okukhulu kunoketshezi olutholakala phezulu kwento.

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Izinto Zokucindezela Koketshezi

Ku-physics, ingcindezi ichazwa njengamandla endaweni ngayinye, lapho isiqondiso samandla siqonde endaweni engaphezulu. Ngokwezibalo, ingcindezi ivezwa yi-equation P = F/A, lapho u-P = ingcindezi, u-F = amandla kanye no-A = indawo engaphezulu. Iyunithi yamandla (F) yi-Newton (N), iyunithi yendawo ingamamitha-skwele (m ² ). Njengoba ingcindezi ingamandla endaweni ngayinye, iyunithi yokucindezela yi-N/m ^2. Elinye igama le-N/m ² yi-pascal (Pa). I-Pascal isetshenziswa njengeyunithi yokucindezela ukuhlonipha uBlaise Pascal.

Uma uketshezi luphumulile, lusebenzisa amandla aqonde ngqo kuyo yonke indawo oluthintana nayo. Isibonelo, cabanga ngamanzi asengilazini; ingxenye ngayinye yamanzi inamandla aqonde ngqo odongeni lwengilazi. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye ngayinye yamanzi inamandla aqonde ngqo endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi yesitsha esihlala kuyo. Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile soketshezi olungaguquki, uketshezi oluphumulile. Uma uketshezi lusebenzisa amandla phezu kwendawo, lapho amandla engekho aqonde ngqo, ubuso buzosebenzisa amandla okusabela, futhi hhayi aqonde ngqo. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi uketshezi lugeleze. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, uketshezi luhlala luphumulile. Ngakho-ke, oketshezini oluphumulile, amandla ahlala eqonde ngqo phezu kwesitsha esihlala kuso.

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Ukuqonda uketshezi oluguquguqukayo noluguquguqukayo

Ku-physics, uketshezi luchazwa njengento engageleza. Ufundile ukuthi izinto esihlangana nazo empilweni yansuku zonke ziqukethe izinto eziqinile, uketshezi, namagesi. Igama elithi uketshezi lihlanganisa kokubili uketshezi namagesi, ngoba uketshezi olufana namanzi namagesi anjengomoya lungageleza. Izinto eziqinile njengedwala noma insimbi azikwazi ukugeleza ngakho-ke azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa njengoketshezi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono le ncazelo, kuyasiza ukucabangela ezinye izibonelo zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Uma ugeza, udinga amanzi ngempela. Ukuze ufike echibini, amanzi ageleza kusuka emthonjeni noma adonswa emthonjeni. Amanzi ayisibonelo esisodwa soketshezi. Kunezinye izibonelo zoketshezi, njengowoyela wokugcoba, ubisi, njalo njalo. Zonke lezi ziphuzo zingahlukaniswa njengoketshezi ngoba zingageleza kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Amagesi nawo angamanzi. Amagesi angageleza kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Umoya ovunguzayo uyisibonelo somoya ohamba usuka endaweni eyodwa uye kwenye.

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Ukuqonda Ukucindezeleka Komphezulu

Ukucindezeleka kobuso kwenzeka ngoba ubuso boketshezi buvame ukuqina, okudala ukubukeka okufana nolwelwesi oluncane. Lokhu kuthonywa amandla ahlanganayo phakathi kwama-molecule amanzi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono le ncazelo, cabanga ngomfanekiso olandelayo. Ake sicabangele uketshezi olusesitsheni.

Ama-molecule ewuketshezi avame ukudonselana. Ngaphakathi koketshezi, i-molecule ngayinye ewuketshezi izungezwe amanye ama-molecule ohlangothini ngalunye; kodwa ebusweni boketshezi, kukhona ama-molecule ewuketshezi kuphela ezinhlangothini nangaphansi. Awekho amanye ama-molecule ewuketshezi ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-molecule ewuketshezi ayadonselana, kukhona amandla aphelele angu-zero kuma-molecule angaphakathi koketshezi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-molecule ewuketshezi ebusweni akhangwa ama-molecule ewuketshezi ezinhlangothini nangaphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona amandla aphelele ebusweni boketshezi aqondiswa phansi. Ngenxa yala mandla aphelele phansi, uketshezi ebusweni luvame ukunciphisa indawo yalo, lunciphe ngangokunokwenzeka.

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Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Poiseuille equation ngoba yatholakala nguJean Louis Marie Poiseuille (1799-1869) ongasekho. Njengoba kuchaziwe, lonke uketshezi lungabhekwa njengoketshezi olufanele. Uketshezi olufanele alunawo uketshezi oluqinile. Uma sicabanga ngoketshezi olufanele olugeleza epayipini, yonke ingxenye yoketshezi ihamba ngesivinini esifanayo (v). Ngokungafani noketshezi olufanele, uketshezi lwangempela, noma uketshezi esihlangana nalo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, lunoketshezi oluqinile. Ngoba lunoketshezi oluqinile, uma lugeleza epayipini, isibonelo, isivinini sengxenye ngayinye yoketshezi siyahlukahluka. Ungqimba loketshezi oluphakathi luhamba ngokushesha (v lukhulu), kuyilapho ungqimba loketshezi olunamathele epayipini lungahambi, noma lunganyakazi (v = 0). Ngakho-ke, kusukela maphakathi kuya emaphethelweni epayipini, yonke ingxenye yoketshezi ihamba ngesivinini esihlukile. Ukuze kube lula ngawe ukuqonda, bheka isithombe esingezansi…

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Ubuningi bezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobukhulu obuthile bamandla adonsela phansi

Ubuningi

Esinye sezimpawu ezibalulekile zento ukuminyana. Ubuningi buyisilinganiso sobunzima bento nobuningi bayo. Ngokwezibalo, kubhalwa kanje:

ρ = m/V

U- ρ uhlamvu lwesiGreki oluvame ukusetshenziswa ukukhomba ubuningi, u-m umele ubukhulu, kanti u-V umele ivolumu. Ubuningi boketshezi olufana luhlukile kakhulu kubuningi bento eqinile efanayo. Insimbi noma iqhwa, isibonelo, linobuningi obufanayo kuzo zonke izingxenye. Lokhu kuhlukile koketshezi, njengomkhathi noma amanzi. Emkhathini woMhlaba, lapho umoya uphakeme ebusweni boMhlaba, ubuningi buyancipha, kanti emanzini olwandle, isibonelo, lapho ubuningi bujula, kulapho ubuningi bukhula khona. Ubuningi boketshezi olufana ncamashi bungancika ezintweni zemvelo ezifana nokushisa nokucindezela.

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Isihloko sokuhlola: Umthetho Wesibili KaNewton

Inhloso yalolu cwaningo: – Ukuphenya ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla nokusheshisa

- Ukuphenya ubudlelwano phakathi kobukhulu nokusheshisa

Amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha: Izitimela, ugesi, umsebe onamazinga amaningi, isitimela se-dynamics, irekhoda yesikhathi, itheyiphu, isisindo esingamagremu angu-50 (3), izintambo zokuxhuma.

Izinyathelo zokulungiselela:

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Isihloko sokuhlola: Ukunyakaza okuqondile okusheshiswa ngokulinganayo

Inhloso yokuhlolwa: – Ukubuka izinto zihamba emgqeni oqondile ngesivinini esingaguquki.

- Yazi igrafu yesikhathi sokusheshisa, igrafu yesikhathi sejubane, igrafu yesikhathi sebanga

- Ukubala ukusheshisa kwento

Amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha: Izitimela, ugesi, imishayo enamazinga amaningi, isitimela se-dynamics, irekhoda yesikhathi, itheyiphu, umthwalo wamagremu angu-50, izintambo zokuxhuma.

Izinyathelo zokulungiselela:

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