Ukuqonda Ukucindezeleka Komphezulu
Ukucindezeleka kobuso kwenzeka ngoba ubuso boketshezi buvame ukuqina, okudala ukubukeka okufana nolwelwesi oluncane. Lokhu kuthonywa amandla ahlanganayo phakathi kwama-molecule amanzi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono le ncazelo, cabanga ngomfanekiso olandelayo. Ake sicabangele uketshezi olusesitsheni.
Ama-molecule ewuketshezi avame ukudonselana. Ngaphakathi koketshezi, i-molecule ngayinye ewuketshezi izungezwe amanye ama-molecule ohlangothini ngalunye; kodwa ebusweni boketshezi, kukhona ama-molecule ewuketshezi kuphela ezinhlangothini nangaphansi. Awekho amanye ama-molecule ewuketshezi ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-molecule ewuketshezi ayadonselana, kukhona amandla aphelele angu-zero kuma-molecule angaphakathi koketshezi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-molecule ewuketshezi ebusweni akhangwa ama-molecule ewuketshezi ezinhlangothini nangaphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona amandla aphelele ebusweni boketshezi aqondiswa phansi. Ngenxa yala mandla aphelele phansi, uketshezi ebusweni luvame ukunciphisa indawo yalo, lunciphe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ungqimba loketshezi olungaphezulu lubonakale sengathi lumbozwe ulwelwesi oluthambile olunwebekayo.
Uma i-clip ibekwa ngokucophelela ebusweni bamanzi, ama-molecule amanzi atholakala ebusweni acindezelwa kancane amandla adonsela phansi e-clip, ukuze ama-molecule amanzi atholakala ngezansi asebenzise amandla okubuyisela phezulu ukusekela i-clip (khumbula ukuqina kanye nomthetho kaHooke ).
Eqinisweni, iziqeshana zamaphepha akuyona yodwa into ongayisebenzisa; zingaba ezinye izinto, njengezinaliti. Uma ubeka inaliti ngokucophelela phezu kwamanzi, izontanta. Yingakho futhi izinambuzane zingantanta phezu kwamanzi.
Isilinganiso Sokucindezeleka Komphezulu
Ukuze sisize ekutholeni i-surface tension equation, sicabangela ucingo olugobile lube ngesimo sencwadi u-U. Olunye ucingo oluqondile lunamathiselwe emilenzeni emibili yocingo u-U, lapho ucingo oluqondile lungathuthwa khona.
Uma le ntambo ifakwa esixazululweni sensipho, ngemva kokuba isusiwe kuzokwakheka ungqimba lwamanzi anensipho phezu kocingo. Kufana nalapho udlala amabhamuza ensipho. Ngenxa yokuthi intambo eqondile ingashukunyiswa futhi isisindo sayo asisikhulu kakhulu, ungqimba lwamanzi anensipho luzohlinzeka ngamandla okucindezela ubuso entanjeni eqondile ukuze intambo eqondile ihambe iye phezulu (qaphela isiqondiso somcibisholo). Ukuze intambo eqondile ingashukumi (intambo isesimweni sokulingana), kudingeka amandla aphelele aqondiswe phansi, lapho ubukhulu bamandla aphelele bungu-F = w + T. Ekulinganeni, u-F = amandla asetshenziswa ungqimba lwamanzi anensipho entanjeni eqondile.
Ake sithi ubude bentambo eqondile bungu-l. Njengoba ungqimba lwamanzi anensipho oluthinta intambo eqondile lunezindawo ezimbili, amandla akhiqizwa ungqimba lwamanzi anensipho asebenza ngobude obungu-2l. Ukucindezeleka kobuso kungqimba lwensipho kuyisilinganiso esiphakathi kweMandla (F) nobude bobuso lapho amandla esebenza khona (d). Kulokhu, ubude bobuso bungu-2l. Ngokwezibalo, kulotshiwe:
Ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezeleka kobuso kuyisilinganiso samandla nobude beyunithi, amayunithi yi-Newton ngemitha (N/m) noma i-dyne ngesentimitha (dyn/cm).
Okulandelayo amanye amanani e-Surface Tension atholakale ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni.
Ngokusekelwe kudatha engenhla, kubonakala sengathi izinga lokushisa lithinta ukucindezeleka kobuso boketshezi. Ngokuvamile, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, inani liyehla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ama-molecule oketshezi ahamba ngokushesha, okunciphisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-molecule oketshezi. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lokucindezeleka kobuso nalo liyehla.
Ukusetshenziswa empilweni yansuku zonke
Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani siwasha izingubo ngensipho? Inkinga iwukuthi, ukuze sithole izingubo ezihlanzekile ngempela, amanzi kumele adlule ezikhaleni ezincane kakhulu ezintanjeni. Lokhu kudinga ukwandisa indawo engaphezulu kwamanzi. Lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukukufeza ngenxa yokucindezeleka kobuso. Noma ngabe uthanda noma cha, ukucindezeleka kobuso bamanzi kumele kwehliswe kuqala. Singakwehlisa ukucindezeleka kobuso ngokusebenzisa amanzi ashisayo. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphakeme, kungcono, njengoba izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphakeme, ukucindezeleka kobuso kwehla (bheka ithebula). Lena yindlela yokuqala ehlukile futhi ayisetshenziswa kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalabo abathanda ukudlala ngamanzi ashisayo. Enye indlela yokusebenzisa insipho.
Uma izinga lokushisa lingu-20 o C, inani le-Surface Tension lamanzi anensipho lingu-25,00 mN/m. Zama ukuqhathanisa amanzi anensipho namanzi ashisayo, yiliphi inani elincane kunawo wonke? Uma izinga lokushisa lingu-100 o C, inani le-surface tension lamanzi ashisayo = 58,90. Uma izinga lokushisa lingu-20 o C, inani le-surface tension lamanzi anensipho lingu-25,00 mN/m. Kunenzuzo enkulu ukusebenzisa insipho… amanzi nawo awashisi. Kusekhona ezinye izici ezithinta indlela izingubo noma imizimba yethu engahlanzwa ngayo ngensipho. Ngakho-ke lokho okuchazwe ngenhla kungenye yezinto ezithonyayo.
Kungani insipho noma amabhamuza amanzi eyindilinga?
Amabhamuza ensipho, noma amaconsi amanzi, asesimweni esiyindilinga ngenxa yokucindezeleka kobuso. Ake siqale sixoxe ngamabhamuza ensipho. Amabhamuza ensipho anezingqimba ezimbili ezincane ebusweni bawo, kanye nongqimba oluncane lwamanzi phakathi kwawo.
Ukucindezeleka kobuso kubangela ukuthi ulwelwesi lufinyele, okuvame ukunciphisa indawo yalo engaphezulu. Lapho ulwelwesi lwamanzi olunensipho lufinyela futhi luzama ukunciphisa indawo yalo engaphezulu, kuvela umehluko ekucindezelweni komoya phakathi kwengaphandle lolwelwesi (ukucindezeleka komoya) kanye nengaphakathi lolwelwesi. Ukucindezeleka komoya okungaphandle kolwelwesi (ukucindezeleka komoya) nakho kusunduza ulwelwesi lwamanzi olunensipho njengoba lufinyela, ngoba ukucindezeleka komoya okungaphakathi kolwelwesi kuphansi.
Ngemva kokuba ulwelwesi lufinyele, umoya ongaphakathi (umoya ovaleleke phakathi kwalezi zindwangu ezimbili) nawo uyacindezelwa, okwandisa ingcindezi yomoya ngaphakathi kwalezi zindwangu kuze kube yilapho ulwelwesi luyeka. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho ulwelwesi luyeka, ingcindezi yomoya phakathi kwalezi zindwangu ilingana nengcindezi yomoya + amandla okucindezeleka kobuso afinyelelisa izindwangu.
Ngakho-ke kuthiwani ngamaconsi amazolo noma amaconsi amanzi aphuma empompini? Empeleni afana, njengoba imbangela eyinhloko ukucindezeleka kobuso. Ngenkathi ibhamuza lensipho linezimbotshana ezimbili ezincane ebusweni balo obubili, ithonsi lamanzi linembotshana eyodwa encane kuphela, ngaphandle kwethonsi. Ingaphakathi ligcwele amanzi. Ingaphandle lethonsi lidonswa ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi ayafinyela, ethambekele ekunciphiseni indawo yawo engaphezulu. Ingcindezi yangaphandle yomoya nayo iyasiza ekucindezeleni ithonsi lamanzi. Ukufinyela kuyama lapho ingcindezi engaphakathi kwamanzi ilingana nengcindezi yomoya kanye namandla afinyeza imbotshana yamanzi.
