Amasimu Kamagnetic: Izenzakalo Nezicelo Zawo Ezweni Lanamuhla
Amasimu kazibuthe angenye yezinto zemvelo ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ezicini eziningi zokuphila kwethu, kusukela ekuzulazuleni okulula sisebenzisa ikhampasi kuya ekusetshenzisweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezobuchwepheshe besimanje njengezokwelapha kanye nokuxhumana ngocingo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi iyini insimu kazibuthe, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezahlukahlukene ezweni lanamuhla.
Iyini iMagnetic Field?
Kalula nje, insimu yamagnetic yindawo ezungeze imagnet lapho amandla amagnetic angazwakala khona. Imagnet ngokwayo iyinto engadonsela noma ixoshe ezinye izinto ezinezakhiwo zamagnetic. Uma imagnet ifakwa ngaphakathi kwensimu yamagnetic, ikhombisa amandla abizwa ngokuthi amandla amagnetic. Insimu yamagnetic ivame ukuboniswa yimigqa yamandla amagnetic avela empondweni osenyakatho futhi angene empondweni oseningizimu wemagnet.
Insimu yamagnetic ichazwa ngobuningi kusetshenziswa i-vector yensimu yamagnetic, enezici ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuqina kwensimu yamagnetic (H) kanye nokungeniswa kwe-magnetic (B). Izibalo zikaMaxwell ziyizibalo ezihlukile ezichaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwamasimu kagesi namagnetic nokuthi ahlukahluka kanjani esikhaleni nasesikhathini.
Imithombo Yensimu Yama-Magnetic
1. Omaginethi Ahlala Njalo: Omaginethi ahlala njalo yizinto ezikhiqiza insimu yamagnetic ngaphandle kokudinga noma yiziphi izinto zangaphandle noma amandla. Lamaginethi enziwe ngezinto ezifana nensimbi, i-cobalt, i-nickel, noma ezinye izinhlobo zensimbi. Izibonelo ezivamile zifaka phakathi omaginethi asetshenziswa eziqandisini nasemakhampasi.
2. I-Electromagnet: I-electromagnet iyi-magnet ekhiqizwa ugesi. Uma ugesi ugeleza ngentambo, idala insimu yamagnetic ezungeze ugesi. Ama-electromagnet alawuleka ngoba insimu yawo yamagnetic ingashintshwa ngokulungisa ugesi odlula kuwo, okwenza abe usizo kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezimboni.
3. Insimu Kamagnetic Yomhlaba: Umhlaba wethu ngokwawo uyimagnethi enkulu. Ingaphakathi loMhlaba, elakhiwe yinsimbi ewuketshezi ehambayo kanye ne-nickel, likhiqiza insimu kamagnetic eyaziwa ngokuthi insimu kamagnetic yoMhlaba. Le nsimu ibalulekile ekuzulazuleni futhi isivikela ezinhlayiyeni eziyingozi ezivela elangeni nasemkhathini ongaphandle.
Izicelo Zensimu Yama-Magnetic
1. Ukuzulazula
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, amatilosi aseShayina ayesebenzisa amakhampasi anamandla okuzulazula. Amakhampasi asebenza ngesimiso sokuthi inaliti enamandla okuhamba ihlale ikhomba ezingosini ezisenyakatho naseningizimu yoMhlaba. Lokhu kwavumela amatilosi namakoloni ukuthi anqume ukuthi aya kuphi olwandle oluvulekile lapho kungekho khona izimpawu ezicacile zendawo.
2. Isitoreji Sedatha
Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina idatha buthuthuke ngokushesha, futhi amasimu kazibuthe ayisisekelo salezi zindlela eziningi zokugcina idatha, njenge-hard disk drive (HDDs). Kuma-HDD, idatha igcinwa ngesimo samasimu kazibuthe kuma-plate ensimbi. Ingcezu ngayinye yedatha imelelwa ukuqondiswa kwensimu kazibuthe yezinhlayiya ebusweni bediski.
3. Ezokwelapha
Ezweni lezokwelapha, amasimu kazibuthe adlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuthwebula izithombe kusetshenziswa i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ubuchwepheshe obunye obusebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe. I-MRI isebenzisa insimu kazibuthe enamandla kanye namagagasi omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane yezitho nezicubu zomzimba ngaphakathi komzimba, okusiza odokotela ukuhlonza ngokunembile nokuhlela ukwelashwa.
4. Imboni Nokukhiqiza
Amasimu kazibuthe asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini nasekukhiqizeni. Isibonelo, ezinqubweni zokushisela, amasimu kazibuthe asetshenziswa ukuqondisa ukugeleza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ekucubungulweni kwensimbi, amasimu kazibuthe angasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izinto ze-ferromagnetic nezinto ezingezona eze-ferromagnetic, noma ukushisa insimbi kusetshenziswa ukufakelwa kwe-electromagnetic.
5. Ezokuxhumana kanye Nezinto Eziphathekayo
Amasimu kazibuthe asetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana kanye namadivayisi kagesi, njengama-microchip. Isibonelo, ama-transformer asetshenziswa ekusatshalalisweni kwamandla asebenza ngesimiso sokungeniswa kwamandla kazibuthe. Izipikha ezinkulu kanye nama-microphone nazo zisebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe ukuguqula izimpawu zikagesi zibe umsindo kanye nokuphikisana nalokho.
6. Izitimela zeMaglev
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bezokuthutha njengezitimela ze-magnetic levitation (maglev) nazo zisebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe. Ezitimeleni ze-maglev, amasimu kazibuthe asetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa isitimela ngaphezu kwemizila bese siqhubezela phambili. Lokhu kuphumela ohambweni olubushelelezi kakhulu nolusheshayo ngoba isitimela asihlangani ngqo nemizila, okunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuguguleka.
Indlela Amasimu Amagnetic Asebenza Ngayo
Imithetho kaBiot-Savart kanye ne-Ampère
Imithetho ye-Biot-Savart kanye ne-Ampère iyimithetho eyisisekelo esetshenziselwa ukubala insimu yamagnetic ekhiqizwa ugesi. Umthetho we-Biot-Savart uthi insimu yamagnetic endaweni ekhiqizwa ugesi omncane kakhulu ilingana ngqo nogesi kanye nobude bento yamanje futhi ilingana ngokuphambene nesikwele sebanga ukusuka ku-element.
Umthetho kaFaraday
Umthetho kaFaraday wokungeniswa kwamandla kagesi uchaza ukuthi insimu yamagnetic eshintshayo ingakhiqiza kanjani ugesi. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo ngemuva kwamajeneretha amaningi kagesi nama-transformer. Lapho insimu yamagnetic ezungeze umqhubi ishintsha, umqhubi ukhiqiza ugesi ongemuhle ku-loop evaliwe.
Umthetho kaLenz
UMthetho kaLenz uyisimiso esihambisana noMthetho kaFaraday. Lo mthetho uthi isiqondiso samandla akhiqizwa yinsimu kazibuthe eshintshayo sihlala sinjalo kangangokuthi insimu kazibuthe ekhiqizwa yilo mandla akhiqizwayo iphikisana noshintsho lokuqala ensimini kazibuthe.
Isimiso Sokungeniswa Kwe-Electromagnetic
Ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic kuyisenzakalo lapho insimu kazibuthe eshintshayo kumqhubi ikhiqiza amandla kagesi (i-EMF). Lesi simo siyisisekelo sokusebenza kwama-transformer, ama-motor kagesi, kanye nama-generator. Lesi simiso sisetshenziswa nakumadivayisi amaningi kagesi esiwasebenzisa nsuku zonke.
Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: Ukusetshenziswa Kwamasimu Kamagnetic Kubuchwepheshe Besimanje
I-MRI Ezweni Lezokwelapha
I-MRI isebenzisa insimu enamandla yamagnetic ukudala insimu yamagnetic efanayo ezungeze umzimba wesiguli. Amagagasi omsakazo abe esesetshenziselwa ukuphazamisa le nsimu yamagnetic, okwenza ama-proton emzimbeni wesiguli amunce amandla futhi ashintshe indlela aqondiswa ngayo. Lapho amagagasi omsakazo ema, ama-proton abuyela ezindaweni zawo zokuqala bese ekhulula amandla amuncwayo ngesimo sesiginali, esibe sesicutshungulwa sibe isithombe.
Isitimela seMaglev eJapane
Izitimela ze-Maglev zingenye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuthutha ezithuthuke kakhulu, zisebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ukuphakamisa nokuhambisa izitimela ngaphandle kokuthintana ngqo nojantshi. Lolu hlelo lunciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi luvumela izitimela ukuthi zifinyelele isivinini esifinyelela ku-600 km/h. Amandla kazibuthe asetshenziswa ezitimeleni ze-Maglev akhiqizwa omagesi abakhulu ababekwe kujantshi kanye nesitimela ngokwaso.
Isiphetho
Insimu yamagnetic ingumqondo oyisisekelo ku-physics kanye nobunjiniyela, enezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Kusukela ekuzulazuleni kwasendulo ngekhampasi kuya kubuchwepheshe besimanje njenge-MRI kanye nezitimela ze-Maglev, amasimu amagnetic ayaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphila kwabantu. Ngokuqonda okujulile kanye nocwaningo olwengeziwe, amasimu amagnetic angavula izinto ezintsha ezengeziwe ezizoguqula indlela esiphila futhi sixhumana ngayo nomhlaba.
