Isibonelo Semibuzo Yengxoxo Ye-Histogram
I-histogram iwukubonakaliswa kwesithombe kokusatshalaliswa kwesethi yedatha yezinombolo. I-histogram ifana neshadi lebha, kodwa imelela idatha eqoqwe ngamabanga athile (amabhini) futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kuzibalo ukubonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwemvamisa.
Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngemibuzo eyisibonelo kanye nezingxoxo mayelana nama-histogram ukuze sithuthukise ukuqonda kwethu ukuthi singawakha kanjani futhi siwahlaziye kanjani ama-histogram.
Iyini i-Histogram?
I-histogram iyithuluzi lokubona elibonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwemvamisa kwesethi yedatha. Ububanzi bamanani buhlukaniswe ngezikhawu ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-bins," futhi inani lamaphuzu edatha ku-bin ngayinye libalwa ukuze kube lula ukuhlaziya. Lokhu kusiza ukuqonda ukusatshalaliswa namaphethini ngaphakathi kwedatha.
Kunezinyathelo eziningana eziyisisekelo ekudaleni i-histogram:
1. Qoqa Imininingwane: Thola iqoqo lemininingwane okufanele ihlaziywe.
2. Nquma Ububanzi Bedatha: Nquma ububanzi bamanani kusukela kudatha encane kuya kwenkulu kakhulu.
3. Khetha Inani Lamabhokisi: Nquma ukuthi ufuna izikhawu noma amabhokisi amangaki.
4. Imvamisa Yokubala: Bala ukuthi zingaki idatha eziwela ebhodweni ngalinye.
5. Dweba i-Histogram: Dala igrafu yebha emele imvamisa yedatha kudoti ngayinye.
Isibonelo Semibuzo Yengxoxo Ye-Histogram
Ake siqale ngezibonelo ezilula bese sikhula kancane kancane sibe yizibonelo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Isibonelo Umbuzo 1
Nquma i-histogram yedatha elandelayo:
``
I-1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8
``
1. Qoqa Imininingwane
Idatha engenhla inikeziwe.
2. Nquma Ububanzi Bedatha
Idatha isukela ku-1 kuya ku-8.
3. Khetha Inombolo Yezibiyeli
Ukuze kube lula, sizosebenzisa amabhokisi ama-4:
– Ibhokisi lokuqala: 1 – 2
– Ibhokisi lesibili: 3 – 4
– Ibhokisi lesithathu: 5 – 6
– Ibhokisi lesine: 7 – 8
4. Bala Imvamisa
– Ibhokisi lokuqala (1 – 2): Kunemininingwane emi-3 (1, 2, 2)
– Ibhokisi lesibili (3 – 4): Kunemininingwane emi-5 (3, 3, 3, 4, 4)
– Ibhokisi lesithathu (5 – 6): Kunemininingwane engu-9 (5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6)
– Ibhokisi lesine (7 – 8): Kunemininingwane emi-3 (7, 7, 8)
5. Dweba i-Histogram
– Ibhokisi 1-2: (3)
– Ibhokisi 3-4: (5)
– Ibhokisi 5-6: (9)
– Ibhokisi 7-8: (3)
Le grafu ikhombisa ukusatshalaliswa kwedatha ngokusekelwe ebangeni lebhini elikhethiwe.
Isibonelo Umbuzo 2
Nquma i-histogram yedatha elandelayo ngezinombolo ezahlukene zamabhini:
``
I-12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45
``
1. Qoqa Imininingwane
Idatha engenhla inikeziwe.
2. Nquma Ububanzi Bedatha
Idatha isukela ku-12 kuya ku-45.
3. Khetha Inombolo Yezibiyeli
Sizosebenzisa amabhokisi ama-5 kulokhu:
– Ibhokisi lokuqala: 12 – 17
– Ibhokisi lesibili: 18 – 23
– Ibhokisi lesithathu: 24 – 29
– Ibhokisi lesine: 30 – 35
– Ibhokisi lesihlanu: 36 – 45
4. Bala Imvamisa
– Ibhokisi lokuqala (12 – 17): Kunemininingwane emi-3 (12, 15, 16)
– Ibhokisi lesibili (18 – 23): Kunemininingwane emi-3 (18, 20, 21, 22, 23)
– Ibhokisi lesithathu (24 - 29): Kunemininingwane emi-2 (25, 27, 29)
– Ibhokisi lesine (30 - 35): Kunemininingwane emi-4 (30, 32, 34, 35)
– Ibhini lesihlanu (36 - 45): Kunemininingwane engu-8 (36, 38, 40, 42, 45)
5. Dweba i-Histogram
– Ibhokisi 12-17: (3)
– Ibhokisi 18-23: (5)
– Ibhokisi 24-29: (3)
– Ibhokisi 30-35: (4)
– Ibhokisi 36-45: (8)
Le grafu ikhombisa ukusatshalaliswa kwedatha okuhlukile kancane kunesibonelo sangaphambilini.
Ingxoxo Eqhubekayo
Ama-histogram asiza ekuboniseni ngokubonakalayo ukusatshalaliswa kwemvamisa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela ingahluka kuye ngenani lamabhini akhethiwe. Ukushintsha inani lamabhini kungenza ukusatshalaliswa kubukeke kuhlukile, okungathinta ukuchazwa kwedatha.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Ekwenzeni I-Histogram
1. Ukukhethwa Kwenani Lamabhokisi
Amabhini ambalwa kakhulu angafihla imininingwane kudatha, kuyilapho amabhini amaningi kakhulu angabangela i-histogram ukuba ihlukaniswe kakhulu futhi ibe nzima ukuyiqonda.
2. Ukuhunyushwa Kwedatha
Ama-histogram asivumela ukuthi sibone amaphethini okusabalalisa, njengokuthi idatha ivame ukusatshalaliswa, ithambekele ngakwesobunxele, noma ithambekele ngakwesokudla. Lokhu kuwusizo ekuhlaziyeni okwengeziwe kwezibalo.
3. Isikali Esihambisanayo
Qiniseka ukuthi ububanzi bebhini buyahambisana ukuze i-histogram ingadukisi.
4. Imvamisa noma Ubuningi
Uma idatha inobukhulu obuhlukene, kungcono ukusebenzisa ubuningi kunemvamisa emsulwa ukuqhathanisa amasethi edatha ahlukene.
Isiphetho
Ama-histogram angamathuluzi anamandla okubona ngeso lengqondo ukusatshalaliswa kwedatha yezinombolo. Kulesi sihloko, simboze izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokudala i-histogram futhi sabheka izibonelo zezinkinga ezihilela ukunquma i-histogram kusuka kudatha enikeziwe. Ukuqonda kahle ama-histogram kuzosisiza sihlaziye idatha ngempumelelo futhi senze izinqumo ezingcono ngokusekelwe kuyo.
Ukuzijwayeza okuqhubekayo ekudaleni nasekuhlaziyeni ama-histogram ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha kanye nenani elihlukile lama-bin kuzoqinisa ikhono lethu lokusebenzisa leli thuluzi elibalulekile lezibalo. Qhubeka uzama futhi uhlola izici ezahlukahlukene zama-histogram ukuze uhlole idatha yakho ngempumelelo enkulu.
