Ukungavikeleki Emzimbeni Nezinkinga Zawo
I-Pendahuluan
Uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba lomuntu luhlelo lokuzivikela lwemvelo olwenzelwe ukuvikela umzimba ezinsongweni ezahlukahlukene zangaphandle, njengebhaktheriya, amagciwane, isikhunta, kanye nezinambuzane. Lolu hlelo luqukethe inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yamaseli, amaprotheni, izitho zomzimba, kanye nezicubu ezisebenzisana ukulwa namagciwane angena emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, njengezinye izinhlelo emzimbeni, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba alusebenzi kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, ukuthi lusebenza kanjani, kanye nezinye izifo zokuzivikela zomzimba ezingavela.
Uhlelo Lokuzivikela Emzimbeni: Indlela Olusebenza Ngayo
Uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuzivikela komzimba okungokwemvelo kanye nokuzivikela okuguquguqukayo. Ukuzivikela komzimba okungokwemvelo kuyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela futhi akucaci. Le ngxenye ihlanganisa isikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, kanye namaseli athile amhlophe egazi njenge-macrophages kanye ne-neutrophils, anesibopho sokugwinya nokubhubhisa amagciwane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuzivikela okuzivumelanisa nezimo kuyindlela yesibili yokuzivikela eqondile kakhulu ezifweni ezithile. Kuhilela ama-lymphocyte e-B ne-T, akwazi ukukhumbula futhi ahlinzeke ngokuvikelwa okuqinile nokusheshayo lapho ephinde ahlangana negciwane elifanayo. Ama-antibodies akhiqizwa amaseli e-B ayisici esibalulekile salesi sivikelo esizivumelanisa nezimo.
Izinhlobo Zezinkinga Zomzimba
Izinkinga zomzimba zenzeka lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela singasebenzi kahle. Lezi zinkinga zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba, ukuzivikela komzimba, kanye nezinkinga zokungezwani komzimba (ukungezwani komzimba).
1. Ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba
Ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba kwenzeka lapho ingxenye yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ingekho noma ingasebenzi kahle. Lesi simo singaba esiyinhloko (esizalwa naso) noma esesibili (esitholakalayo).
– I-Primary Immunodeficiency: Isifo sofuzo esivame ukuba khona kusukela ekuzalweni. Isibonelo yi-Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), lapho iziguli zingenawo noma zimbalwa kakhulu noma zingasebenzi kahle amaseli omzimba, okwenza zibe sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.
– Ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba okwesibili: Kubangelwa yizici zangaphandle ezifana nesifo, imithi, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu yi-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), ebangelwa yi-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Kulesi simo, igciwane lihlasela amaseli e-T, abalulekile ekuziphatheni komzimba okuzivumelanisa nezimo.
2. Ukuzivikela komzimba okuzenzakalelayo
I-Autoimmune yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona amangqamuzana nezicubu zawo ezinempilo njengokungathi ziyingozi. Imbangela eqondile ye-autoimmune ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa izici zofuzo, ezemvelo, kanye nama-hormone zidlala indima.
– I-Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Isifo sokuzivikela komzimba lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona amalunga, okubangela ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, kanye nomonakalo ohlala njalo uma kungelashwa.
– I-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Ithinta izinhlelo ezahlukene zezitho zomzimba, okubangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okukhulu, ubuhlungu bamalunga, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba.
– Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1: Isimo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona amaseli e-beta akhiqiza i-insulin epancreas, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwe-insulin kanye nokwenyuka kwamazinga kashukela egazini.
3. Izinkinga Zokuzwela Kakhulu (Ukungezwani Nomzimba)
Ukuzwela ngokweqile kuyindlela yokusabela ngokweqile noma engajwayelekile komzimba entweni engeyona ingozi. Ukungezwani komzimba kuyisibonelo esivamile sokuzwela ngokweqile.
– Ukungezwani Nokudla: Ukubangela impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ekudleni okuthile okufana namantongomane, ukudla kwasolwandle, noma imikhiqizo yobisi, kungabangela izimpawu ezisukela ezifweni ezincane kuya ekushayweni yi-anaphylaxis enzima.
– I-Allergic Asthma: Isimo lapho izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba zibangela ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya, okubangela ukuba inciphe futhi iveze izimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula nokukhwehlela.
Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa
Ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba, ukuxilongwa okufanele kubalulekile. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela umlando ophelele, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nochungechunge lwezivivinyo zelebhu, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba.
Ukwelashwa kanye nemithi kuncike ohlotsheni kanye nobunzima besifo sokuzivikela komzimba.
– Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha omzimba: Abantu abanesifo bangadinga i-immunoglobulin efakwa ngemithambo ukuze ithathe indawo yamasosha omzimba angekho, ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo, noma ngisho nokufakelwa kwamaseli okuqala ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha ezakhi zofuzo azuzwe njengefa.
– I-Autoimmune: Ukwelapha kuvame ukuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ukunciphisa impendulo yamasosha omzimba nokuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe kwezicubu. Ama-Corticosteroids kanye nemithi engeyona i-steroidal yokulwa nokuvuvukala ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.
– Ukungezwani komzimba: Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukugwema ukungezwani komzimba, ama-antihistamine, ama-bronchodilator e-asthma, kanye ne-epinephrine yokusabela okukhulu kwe-anaphylactic.
Ukuvimbela
Nakuba ezinye izifo zokuzivikela komzimba ziwufuzo futhi azinakuvinjelwa, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze ugcine amasosha omzimba wakho ephilile futhi unciphise ingozi yakho yesifo.
– Indlela Yokuphila Enempilo: Ukudla okunempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukulala ngokwanele, kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka yizinto ezibalulekile ekugcineni amasosha omzimba enempilo.
– Ukugoma: Ukuthola imijovo enconywayo kungavikela umzimba ezifweni eziningi ezithathelwanayo ezingadala izinkinga ezinkulu.
– Ukuhlanzeka Komuntu Siqu: Ukwamukela imikhuba yokuhlanzeka njengokugeza izandla njalo kunciphisa amathuba okuchayeka ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Isiphetho
Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo kanye nokuvimbela izifo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhubazeka ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukene zempilo, kusukela ekuthelelekeni okuphindaphindiwe kuya ezifweni ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba kanye nokungezwani komzimba. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo zomzimba kanye nendlela yokuzilawula kusisiza ukuba siqaphele futhi sithathe isinyathelo ekulondolozeni impilo yethu. Ngokuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, izifo eziningi zomzimba zingaphathwa, okuvumela abagulayo ukuba baphile impilo ekhiqizayo nenempilo kakhudlwana.
