Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezitshalo Nezilwane Emhlabeni
I-Pendahuluan
Izitshalo nezilwane ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zemvelo yoMhlaba, zinegalelo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Zombili zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yemvelo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zemvelo ezibalulekile empilweni yabantu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezitshalo nezilwane emhlabeni wonke kuthonywa yizici ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa isimo sezulu, inhlabathi, ukuphakama, kanye nokusebenzisana nezinye izinhlobo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela izitshalo nezilwane ezisatshalaliswa ngayo emhlabeni wonke, izici ezithonya ukusatshalaliswa kwazo, kanye nokubaluleka kokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ekuphileni eMhlabeni.
Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezitshalo Zomhlaba
I-Flora ibhekisela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitholakala esifundeni esithile. Ukusabalala kwezitshalo emhlabeni wonke kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, kuye ngezimo zemvelo esifundeni ngasinye. Izindawo zezitshalo zomhlaba wonke zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko, njengehlathi lemvula elishisayo, ama-savanna, izindawo zotshani, amahlane, kanye ne-tundra, ngayinye inezici ezihlukile.
1. Ihlathi Lemvula Lasezindaweni Ezishisayo
Amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo atholakala nxazonke kwenkabazwe futhi aziwa ngokuhlukahluka kwawo okuhlukahlukene okuphezulu kakhulu. Athola imvula eqhubekayo unyaka wonke, okudala indawo ekahle yokukhula kwezitshalo. Amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo atholakala ezindaweni ezifana ne-Amazon eNingizimu Melika, eCongo e-Afrika, kanye nasezingxenyeni zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, njenge-Indonesia neMalaysia. Izitshalo ezifana nezihlahla ze-dipterocarp, ama-orchid, kanye ne-rattan ziyizibonelo zezitshalo ezivamile emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo.
2. I-Savannah
I-savanna yindawo ehlala utshani enezihlahla ezimbalwa ezihlakazekile, ezivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo. I-savanna yase-Afrika, ehlanganisa amazwe afana neKenya neTanzania, ingenye yezindawo ezidumile kakhulu emhlabeni. Izitshalo kulesi sifunda zilungele ukusinda ezimweni ezomile kanye nesomiso esihlala isikhathi eside. Izihlahla ze-acacias kanye ne-baobab ziyizibonelo zezihlahla ezivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo.
3. Izwe Elinotshani
Izimila zisakazeke kabanzi ezindaweni ezinemvula elinganiselayo, ezomile kunamahlathi kodwa ezinomswakama kakhulu kunezingwadule. Ama-steppe ase-Asia Ephakathi kanye nezindawo ezihlala ogwini eNyakatho Melika ziyizibonelo zezindawo zemvelo zotshani. Utshani obubekezelela isomiso, izimbali zasendle kanye nezihlahlana kuyizitshalo ezivamile ezitholakala lapha. Lezi zitshalo zibalulekile ekuvimbeleni inhlabathi ukuthi ingaguguleki kalula.
4. Ugwadule
Amahlane ayizindawo ezinemvula encane kakhulu kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Izitshalo zasehlane, njenge-cacti kanye nezinye izitshalo ezinamahlumela amancane, ziye zajwayela ukusinda ngamanzi amancane kakhulu. Ihlane laseSahara eNyakatho Afrika kanye nehlane lase-Atacama eNingizimu Melika ziyizibonelo zezindawo ezinjalo. Izitshalo zasehlane ngokuvamile zinezimpande ezinde ukuze zifinyelele emanzini enhlabathini kanye namaqabunga amancane noma angenawo nhlobo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhwamuka kwamanzi.
5. I-Tundra
I-Tundra iyindawo ezungezile enamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu kanye nesizini emfushane yokukhula, evame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezibandayo. Lapha, umhlabathi uvame ukubanda, owaziwa ngokuthi i-permafrost. Izitshalo ze-Tundra zakhiwa ama-mosses, ama-lichen, kanye notshani obuthile kanye nezihlahla ezincane. I-Arctic tundra enyakatho yeKhanada naseRussia iyisibonelo sesifunda se-tundra.
Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezilwane Zomhlaba
Izilwane ezihlala eMhlabeni zihlanganisa zonke izilwane ezihlala eMhlabeni, futhi ukusabalala kwazo kuthonywa yizici eziningi, njengokutholakala kokudla, isimo sezulu, kanye nendawo yokuhlala. Ukusabalala kwezilwane ngokuvamile kuhlobene nokusabalala kwezitshalo, njengoba izilwane eziningi zithembele ezitshalweni ukuze zithole ukudla nendawo yokuhlala.
1. Ihlathi Lemvula Lasezindaweni Ezishisayo
Amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo ayikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, okuhlanganisa izilwane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-primates, izinyoni ezingavamile, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, kanye nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Izindawo zokuhlala ezincane ezikulezi zindawo zivumela ukuthi kube nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane kusukela phansi kwehlathi kuya emphemeni. Izinkawu, ama-jaguar, izinhlobo eziningana zezinyoka ezinobuthi, kanye nama-toucan kuyizibonelo zezilwane ezihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo.
2. I-Savannah
AmaSavanna, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, ayikhaya lezinye zezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezidumile emhlabeni, njengezindlovu, amabhubesi, izindlulamithi, namadube. Lezi zilwane ziye zashintsha ukuze ziphile ezindaweni ezingaba zomile kakhulu futhi zithembele ekufudukeni ukuze zithole amanzi nokudla.
3. Izwe Elinotshani
Izindawo zotshani ziyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezidla utshani kanye nezilwane ezizingelayo. Inyathi yaseMelika, izinyamazane, nezinyoni ezihlukahlukene ezidla inyama njengezinkozi noklebe ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zemvelo yezindawo zotshani. Lezi zilwane zivame ukwakha imihlambi emikhulu ehamba phakathi kwezindawo zotshani ifuna ukudla.
4. Ugwadule
Ehlane, izilwane ezifana namakamela, izibankwa, izinyoka, nama-coyote ziye zajwayela ukubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo zokuntuleka kwamanzi. Izilwane eziningi zasehlane zilala ebusuku, zigwema ilanga elishisayo emini futhi zifuna ukudla ebusuku. Ezinye izindlela zokuzijwayeza zifaka phakathi ukugaya ukudla okusebenzayo kanye nekhono lokugcina amanzi emizimbeni yazo.
5. I-Tundra
Izilwane zase-tundra zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ezimelana nokubanda kakhulu, njenge-reindeer, amabhere ase-polar, izimpisi, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoni, njengezikhova eziqhwa kanye nama-swan. Lezi zilwane zinoboya obukhulu kanye nezingxenye zamafutha ezizisiza ukuba zisinde emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Ukubaluleka Kokuhlukahluka Kwezinto Eziphilayo
Ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kubalulekile empilweni yeplanethi yethu. Izitshalo nezilwane zifaka isandla ekusebenzeni kahle kwezindawo zemvelo, zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile njengokuthuthwa kwempova, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi, ukuhlinzekwa kokudla, kanye nokugcina ibhalansi yamagesi emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kunenani lezomnotho namasiko, kunikeza izinsiza zemvelo ezibalulekile kubantu kanye nobuciko obukhuthazayo kanye nengokomoya.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kubhekene nezinsongo ezinkulu ezivela emisebenzini yabantu, njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukungcola, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokudoba ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, imizamo yokulondoloza imvelo ibalulekile ekuvikeleni ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokugcina ibhalansi yezemvelo. Ukulondolozwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukusungulwa kwezindawo ezivikelwe, kanye nokufundiswa komphakathi kanye nokuqwashisa kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokufeza lo mgomo.
Isiphetho
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezitshalo nezilwane emhlabeni wonke kuwumphumela wokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezici zemvelo kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo eminyakeni eyizigidi. Lokhu kuhlukahluka akugcini nje ngokuba kuhle futhi kuyamangaza, kodwa futhi kubalulekile ekusindeni kwabantu kanye nomhlaba. Ngokuqonda kangcono ukuthi izitshalo nezilwane zisatshalaliswa kanjani, singakwazisa kangcono futhi silondoloze le ngcebo yemvelo yezizukulwane ezizayo. Imizamo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nokuphathwa okusimeme kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kuyagcinwa futhi kusebenza njengoba kuhlosiwe.
