Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezinhlelo Ze-Biome
I-biome umphakathi omkhulu wezemvelo, ohlanganisa indawo ebanzi yezwe, ebonakala ngesimo sezulu esifanayo, inhlabathi, izitshalo nezilwane. I-biome ngayinye inezinhlelo zayo zemvelo ezithonya izinhlobo zokuphila ezingachuma lapho. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-biome emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, ama-savanna, izindawo ezinotshani, amahlane, ama-taiga, ama-tundra, nezinye. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokusatshalaliswa kanye nezici zezinye zezinhlelo ezinkulu ze-biome emhlabeni.
1. Ihlathi Lemvula Lasezindaweni Ezishisayo
Amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo angenye yama-biome aziwa kakhulu, aziwa ngokuhlukahluka kwawo okuphezulu kakhulu. Njengoba iseduze ne-equator, le biome ithola isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama unyaka wonke. Amazwe anezindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo afaka iBrazil, i-Indonesia, kanye neDemocratic Republic of Congo.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo asatshalaliswe kulo lonke isifunda sase-equator, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika (ikakhulukazi i-Amazon basin), e-Afrika Ephakathi, kanye naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lezi zifunda zithola imvula ephakeme kakhulu yonyaka, evame ukungaphezu kuka-2000 mm, futhi amazinga okushisa avame ukuba afudumele unyaka wonke.
Isici
La mahlathi anomuthi ominyene kakhulu, akha izingqimba eziningana zezitshalo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane, eziningi zazo ezitholakala kalula noma ezingatholakali kwenye indawo, zenza amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo abe ngenye yezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezitshalo eziphilayo.
2. I-Savannah
I-Savanna iyindawo ehlala phakathi kwamahlathi nezindawo zotshani, ebonakala ngezihlahla ezisakazeke kancane kanye nezindawo zotshani ezibanzi. Ama-Savanna anezinkathi zemvula nezomile ezihlukile.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Ama-savanna adumile kakhulu atholakala e-Afrika, amboze cishe ingxenye yezwekazi. Kodwa-ke, le biome ingatholakala naseNingizimu Melika (njengeCerrado eBrazil), eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, nasenyakatho ye-Australia.
Isici
Nakuba zingaxinene kangako njengamahlathi, ama-savanna asekela izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphila ezihlukile. Ayikhaya lezinye zezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu zasezweni, njengezindlovu, amabhubesi, kanye nezindlulamithi. Inhlabathi yase-Savannah ivame ukuba nevunde kakhulu futhi isekela ezolimo uma iniselwa kahle.
3. Izwe Elinotshani
Izindawo zotshani ziyizindawo ezigcwele utshani, ezinezihlahla ezimbalwa noma ezingenazo nhlobo. Lezi zindawo zitholakala enkabeni yamazwekazi futhi zivame ukuba nezinkathi zemvula nezomile ezivamile.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Izindawo zotshani ezinkulu kakhulu zitholakala eNyakatho Melika (ezaziwa ngokuthi amadlelo), e-Eurasia (stek), kanye nasezingxenyeni zaseNingizimu Melika (pampas). E-Afrika, izindawo zotshani zaziwa ngokuthi amadlelo.
Isici
Izindawo ezinotshani zisekela izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezidla utshani, njengenyathi, izinyamazane, namahhashi asendle, abusa izitshalo ngokudla. Izitshalo ngokuyinhloko zakhiwa utshani obunezihlahla ezimbalwa nezihlahla ezincane.
4. Ugwadule
Amahlane ayizindawo ezishisa kakhulu futhi ezisakazeke kakhulu lapho kunemvula encane kakhulu, okwenza kube ngenye yezindawo ezishisa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Amahlane atholakala ezindaweni eziningana emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa iHlane laseSahara e-Afrika, iHlane laseGobi e-Asia, iHlane lase-Arabia eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kanye neHlane lase-Atacama eNingizimu Melika.
Isici
Amahlane abhekana nokushisa okukhulu kwansuku zonke, kusukela ekushiseni emini kuya ekubandeni okubandayo ebusuku. Izitshalo zasehlane, njenge-cacti, ziye zajwayela ukugcina amanzi isikhathi eside. Izilwane ezidumile zasehlane zifaka phakathi izilwane ezifana namakamela, izinyoka, nezimpungushe zasehlane, eziye zajwayela ukusinda kulezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu.
5. I-Taiga (Ihlathi laseBoreal)
I-Taiga iyi-biome enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, eyaziwa nangokuthi ihlathi le-boreal. I-Taiga iphawuleka ngezihlahla ze-coniferous ezifana nephayini, i-spruce, kanye ne-larch.
Ukusatshalaliswa
I-Taiga ingatholakala enyakatho yezwe, ikakhulukazi eCanada, e-Alaska, eScandinavia naseRussia.
Isici
Le ndawo ihlangabezana nobusika obude nobunzima kanye nehlobo elifushane. Inhlabathi yehlathi ivame ukuba yi-permafrost, futhi iningi lezitshalo nezilwane zalesi sifunda ziye zajwayela isimo sezulu esibandayo.
6. I-Tundra
I-tundra iyi-biome eyaziwa ngesimo sezulu sayo esibandayo kakhulu kanye nezitshalo ezimbalwa. Le biome ihlukaniswe phakathi kwe-arctic tundra kanye ne-alpine tundra.
Ukusatshalaliswa
I-Arctic tundra itholakala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, eduze ne-Arctic Circle, okuhlanganisa iRussia, iCanada, neScandinavia. I-Alpine tundra itholakala ezintabeni eziphakeme emhlabeni wonke.
Isici
I-tundra inesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokukhula, futhi inhlabathi yayo evame ukubanda unomphela (i-permafrost) yenza kube nzima ukuthi izimpande zezihlahla zikhule. Izitshalo zigcwele ama-mosses, ama-lichen, kanye nezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezitshalo ezincane. Izilwane ezivamile zifaka phakathi izinyoni ezifudukayo, ama-reindeer, namabhere ase-polar, anezindlela ezikhethekile zokubhekana nobusika obukhulu.
I-Penutup
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlelo ze-biome kunqunywa yizici ezahlukahlukene zemvelo njengesimo sezulu, uhlobo lomhlabathi, kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo. I-biome ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-ecosystem yomhlaba wonke, futhi ukuba khona kwayo kubalulekile ekusindeni kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila emhlabeni. Ukuhlukahluka kwesistimu ngayinye kunikeza iminikelo eyingqayizivele ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zoMhlaba kanye nezinqubo zemvelo, okugcizelela isidingo sokuqonda nokulondoloza lezi zindawo ezahlukahlukene.
