I-capacitor ingasebenza uma amapuleti amabili/amashidi omqhubi engathintani ukuze ishaja kagesi ingasuki kusuka komunye umqhubi iye komunye. Ngokufanayo, ukuze ishaja kagesi ingasuki kusuka kumqhubi iye emoyeni, isikhala esiphakathi kwabaqhubi ababili kumele sibe yi-vacuum. Esihlokweni esimayelana nama-capacitor epuleti ahambisanayo, kuxoxwe nge-capacitance ye-capacitor yepuleti ehambisanayo , lapho amapuleti amabili ehlukaniswa yi-vacuum. I-capacitance ye-capacitor ku-vacuum inemikhawulo, ngakho-ke ukuze kwandiswe i-capacitance, kufakwa i-dielectric phakathi kwamapuleti amabili/amashidi omqhubi.
I-dielectric iyisivikelo esihlukanisa amapuleti amabili okuhambisa e-capacitor. I-insulator yinto engakwazi ukuhambisa ugesi, njengepulasitiki, ingilazi, iphepha, noma ukhuni. Umsebenzi we-dielectric ukwandisa amandla, okuvumela i-capacitor ukuthi igcine inani elikhulu lokushaja kukagesi kanye namandla angaba khona.
Ama-dielectric andisa amandla kagesi ngoba amandla kagesi phakathi kwamapuleti amabili okuqhuba ancishisiwe.
Kungani amandla e-capacitor enyuka ngemva kokufakwa kwe-dielectric phakathi kwamapuleti amabili/amashidi omqhubi? Ukuze uthole impendulo yalo mbuzo, khumbula isifundo mayelana Ukushaja kukagesiNjengoba amashaja kagesi exoshana kuyilapho ngokungafani namabhaja kagesi edonselana. Isibonelo, amashaja amahle ayadonselana. 
ngeshaja engemihle, kodwa iphindisele ngeshaja engemihle. Pho kungani ipulasitiki eshajelwe kabi ingadonsela izingcezu ezincane zephepha ezingashajelwe ngogesi? Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izingcezu zephepha zithola ukuhlukaniswa kwamashaja. Ama-electron ezintweni zokuvikela ezifana nephepha awakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka njengama-electron ezintweni zokuqhuba. Ngakho-ke lapho ipulasitiki eshajelwe kabi ilethwa eduze kwezingcezu zephepha, ama-electron aboshelwe kuma-athomu ayaxoshwa epulasitikini eshajelwe kabi, okuholela ekuhlukanisweni kweshaja engemihle kanye neshaja engemihle ephepheni. Ishaja engemihle ephepheni ikude kakhulu nepulasitiki, kuyilapho ishaja engemihle ephepheni iseduze nepulasitiki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ishaja engemihle epulasitikini idonsela ishaja engemihle ezingcezu zephepha kuze kube yilapho iphepha elilula lisondela epulasitikini.
Inqubo ye-polarization, noma i-charge polarization, eyenzeka ephepheni ifana ne-charge polarization eyenzeka ku-dielectric. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esikwesobunxele, isibonelo, ekuqaleni kwakukhona amapuleti amabili kuphela omqhubi ashajwe ngogesi. Ipuleti lesobunxele lishajwe kahle, kuyilapho ipuleti lesokudla lishajwe kabi, ngakho-ke isiqondiso sensimu kagesi sisuka kwesobunxele siye kwesokudla.
Ngemva kokuba i-dielectric ibekwe phakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi, ishaja elihle epuletini lesobunxele lidonsela ama-electron ebusweni be-dielectric obuseduze, kanti ishaja elihle epuletini lesokudla lixosha ama-electron ebusweni be-dielectric obuseduze. Ama-electron aku-dielectric, okuyi-insulator, awakhululekile ukuhamba njengama-electron aku-conductor. Ngakho-ke, ama-electron ahlala eboshelwe kuma-athomu, kodwa kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwama-electron ashajeke kabi kanye nama-proton ashajeke kahle, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Ukuba khona kweshaja elihle ohlangothini lwesokudla lwama-athomu e-dielectric kanye neshaja elihle ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwama-athomu e-dielectric kudala insimu kagesi eqondiswa kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele, ngaleyo ndlela yenze buthaka insimu kagesi ekhiqizwa yishaja kagesi epuletini lomqhubi eliqondiswa kusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla. Ngakho insimu kagesi iyancipha hhayi ngoba ishaja kagesi kumapuleti amabili/amashidi omqhubi iyancipha kodwa ngoba insimu kagesi ivela ku-dielectric ekwelinye icala. Lapho i-dielectric isuswa, amandla ensimu kagesi akhiqizwa yishaja kagesi kumapuleti amabili/amashidi omqhubi abuyela esimweni sawo sokuqala.
Uma amandla ensimu kagesi ekhiqizwa yishaja kagesi kumapuleti amabili omqhubi ehla, khona-ke amandla kagesi phakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi nawo ayancipha ngenxa yensimu kagesi.
Ugesi ulingana ngqo namandla kagesi njengoba kushiwo ku-equation E = V / d, lapho u-E = insimu kagesi, u-V = amandla kagesi kanye no-d = ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti amabili. Uma ngaphambi kokuba kube ne-dielectric, amandla kagesi ayengu-Vo Ngakho-ke ngemva kokuba kukhona i-dielectric, amandla kagesi ancishiswa abe yi-V nge-factor ka-K. Ngokwezibalo, i-Vo = KV noma V = Vo / K noma K = Vo / V, lapho u-K = okungaguquki kwe-dielectric. Vo > V ukuze u-K>1.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani lokushaja kagesi kuzo zombili izingcwecwe/amashidi omqhubi alishintshi ukuze inani lokugcina lokushaja lifane nenani lokuqala lokushaja (Q = Q).o). Ushintsho ku-capacitance ye-capacitor lubalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo:
Incazelo yefomula: C = amandla okugcina, i-C o = amandla okuqala, i-Q = ishaja yokugcina, i-Q o = ishaja yokuqala, i-V = amandla okugcina, i-Vo o = amandla okuqala, i-K = i-dielectric constant
Ngokusekelwe ku-equation engenhla, kuphethwe ngokuthi i-capacitance yokuqala (Co2 ) incane kanti i-capacitance yokugcina (C) inkulu. I-capacitance iyanda nge-factor ka-K, lapho u-K eyi-dielectric constant. Inani elihlala njalo le-dielectric lezinto zokufaka ugesi ngalinye lihlukile. I-dielectric constant (K) ingumphumela wokuqhathanisa i-capacitance ye-capacitor lapho usebenzisa i-dielectric ne-capacitance ye-capacitor lapho ungasebenzisi i-dielectric.
Ama-dielectric andisa amandla ngoba ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti amabili okuqhuba liyancishiswa.
Omunye umsebenzi we-dielectric ukunciphisa ibanga (d) phakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi ukuze insimu kagesi (E) kanye ne-voltage kagesi (V) phakathi kwamapuleti/amashidi amabili omqhubi kukhuphuke njengoba kushiwo yi-equation E = V / d. Uma insimu kagesi kanye ne-voltage kagesi phakathi kwamapuleti/amashidi amabili kukhuphuka khona-ke amandla e-capacitor ayanda.
Uma i-capacitor okukhulunywa ngayo iyipuleti elihambisanayo, khona-ke amandla ayo abalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo:
Ngokusekelwe kumafomula amabili angenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi i-capacitance (C) ye-parallel plate capacitor ingandiswa ngokunciphisa ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti amabili/amashidi omqhubi (d).
Ama-dielectric andisa amandla ngoba amandla e-dielectric e-capacitor ayanda.
Ama-dielectric enziwe ngezinto zokuvikela ugesi, okuthi uma zibekwe ensimini kagesi enamandla kakhulu, zibhekane nokuwohloka. Ukuwohloka kwe-dielectric kwenzeka lapho insimu kagesi inamandla kangangokuthi kubangela ukuthi ama-electron akhishwe kuma-athomu, lapho la ma-electron eshayisana nama-electron kwamanye ama-athomu, okubangela ukugeleza kwama-electron ngaphakathi kwe-dielectric. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuwohloka kwe-dielectric kubangela ukuthi i-dielectric, okuyi-insulator kagesi, ibe ngumqhubi kagesi.
Ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo, i-dielectric ngayinye eyenziwe ngezinto ezithile zokuvikela inenani eliphezulu lensimu kagesi elingamelana nalo, okubizwa ngokuthi amandla e-dielectric. Amandla e-dielectric ezinto zokuvikela makhulu kunamandla e-dielectric omoya futhi into ngayinye yokuvikela inamandla e-dielectric ahlukile, amanye mancane kanti amanye makhulu. Ngakho-ke uma kusetshenziswa i-dielectric enamandla amakhulu e-dielectric, insimu kagesi engabanjwa inkulu futhi i-voltage kagesi engabanjwa nayo inkulu. Uma insimu kagesi kanye ne-voltage kagesi ekhiqizwa amapuleti amabili/amashidi omqhubi inkulu, inani le-charge kagesi elingafakwa yi-conductor plate likhulu. Uma i-charge eningi isepuletini lomqhubi, kulapho i-capacitance ye-capacitor iba nkulu khona.
