Incazelo ye-parallel plate capacitor
I-parallel plate capacitor iyi-capacitor equkethe amapuleti amabili ahambisanayo noma amapuleti omqhubi, ipuleti ngalinye linendawo efanayo ye-cross-section (A) kanye namapuleti amabili ahlukaniswe ngebanga elithile (d), njengasesithombeni esikwesobunxele. Kulesi sihloko, cabanga ukuthi amapuleti amabili omqhubi ahlukaniswe yi-vacuum. Esithombeni, elinye lamapuleti omqhubi lishajwe kahle (+Q) kanti elinye ipuleti lomqhubi lishajwe kabi (-Q), lapho inani lokushajwa kukagesi epuletini ngalinye lifana.
Umehluko ekushajweni kukagesi phakathi kwamapuleti amabili okuqhuba udala insimu kagesi kanye nomehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwawo. Ipuleti elishajwe kahle linamandla aphezulu, kanti ipuleti elishajwe kabi linamandla aphansi. Njengoba kuchaziwe esihlokweni mayelana namandla kagesi , uma kukhona umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamapuleti amabili e-capacitor, kukhona amandla kagesi angase abe khona ku-capacitor. Amandla kagesi angase abe khona agcinwe ku-capacitor anezisetshenziswa eziningi.
Izici ezithinta amandla e-capacitor yepuleti elihambisanayo
Ama-capacitor ekuqaleni awashajwa, noma angathathi hlangothi ngogesi. Ukuze ashajwe, ashajwa ngokuwaxhuma emthonjeni we-voltage, njengebhethri, kusetshenziswa izintambo. Ipuleti elilodwa lomqhubi lixhunywe ku-terminal enhle yebhethri, kanti elinye ipuleti lomqhubi lixhunywe ku-terminal engemihle.
Khumbula ukuthi ama-electron afanayo ayaxosha, kuyilapho ama-charge angafani edonsela. Ama-electron ashajwa kabi futhi ahamba kalula ngoba atholakala ebusweni be-athomu, kanti ama-proton ashajwa kahle futhi awakwazi ukuhamba ngoba atholakala kuyi-nucleus. Uma inani lama-proton epuletini eliqhubayo lidlula inani lama-electron, ipuleti lishajwa kahle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma inani lama-electron lidlula inani lama-proton, ipuleti lishajwa kabi.
Ngemva kokuba i-capacitor ixhunywe ebhethrini, i-positive pole yebhethri ishajwa kahle, idonsela ama-electron kusuka epuletini lomqhubi, kuyilapho i-negative pole yebhethri ishajwa kabi, ixosha ama-electron aye epuletini lomqhubi. Ukudluliselwa kwama-electron phakathi kwebhethri nepuleti lomqhubi kubangela ukuthi ipuleti lomqhubi elilahlekelwa ama-electron lishajwe kahle kanye nepuleti lomqhubi elithola ama-electron lishajwe kabi. Ukudluliselwa kwama-electron kuyama lapho umehluko wamandla kagesi phakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi ulingana nomehluko wamandla kagesi phakathi kwama-terminal amabili ebhethri.
Ama-capacitor agcina ishaja kagesi kanye namandla angase atholakale . Ukulinganisa ikhono le-capacitor lokugcina ishaja kagesi kanye namandla angase atholakale kubizwa ngokuthi i-capacitance. Uma ishaja kagesi egciniwe inkulu, kulapho amandla angase atholakale amakhulu, futhi kulapho amandla angase atholakale amakhulu khona. Yiziphi izici ezithinta amandla e-capacitor ye-parallel-plate?
– Indawo engaphezulu kwepuleti lomqhubi
Ama-capacitor epuleti elihambisanayo agcina ishaja kagesi kuma-conducting plate awo. Indawo encane ebusweni bepuleti isho ukuthi kugcinwe ishaja encane; indawo enkulu ebusweni bepuleti isho ukuthi kugcinwe ishaja enkulu. Uma ishaja eningi emapuletini okuqhuba, kulapho amandla kagesi e-capacitor eba maningi khona. Ngakho-ke, lapho amandla kagesi e-capacitor eba maningi khona, kulapho amandla ayo eba maningi khona. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kubuyekezwa, kungaphethwa ngokuthi amandla e-capacitor (C) alingana nendawo engaphezulu yamapuleti okuqhuba (A).
– Ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi
Ukuhamba kwama-electron kuyama ngemva kokuba umehluko okhona phakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi ulingana nomehluko okhona phakathi kwezigxobo ezimbili zebhethri. Ishaja kagesi kumapuleti amabili omqhubi inganda kanjani? Enye indlela ukunciphisa ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi (ukunciphisa u-d). Lapho amapuleti amabili esondelene, inani leshaja kagesi lihlala lingaguquki ukuze insimu kagesi ekhiqizwa yishaja kagesi ibe nenani elingaguquki. Ngokusekelwe ku-equation V = E d, lapho insimu kagesi (E) ingaguquki, umehluko okhona kagesi (V) uyancipha uma ibanga eliphakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi lincishisiwe (d).
Umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamapuleti amabili okuqhuba uyancipha uze ube ngaphansi komehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamatheminali amabili ebhethri. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ama-electron aphinde anyakaze kuze kube yilapho ishaja kagesi kupuleti ngalinye lokuqhuba ikhuphuka. Ukunyakaza kwama-electron kuyama uma umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamapuleti amabili ulingana nomehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamatheminali amabili ebhethri.
Uma ibanga eliphakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi lincishisiwe, ishaja kagesi epuletini ngalinye liyanda ukuze amandla kagesi angakwazi ukusebenza ku-capacitor nawo ande. Uma amandla kagesi angakwazi ukusebenza ku-capacitor anda, amandla e-capacitor nawo ayanda. Uma ibanga lincishisiwe, ishaja liyanda ukuze amandla angakwazi ukusebenza ande, uma ibanga likhushuliwe, ishaja liyancipha ukuze amandla angakwazi ukusebenza ancishiswe. Kungaphethwa ngokuthi amandla e-capacitor (C) alingana ngokuphambene nebanga eliphakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi (d).
Isibalo se-Capacitance se-capacitor yepuleti elihambisanayo
Ngaphambilini, kuchazwe izinto ezithinta inani le-capacitance le-parallel plate capacitor. Inani le-capacitance lingaziwa ngokucacile ngokubala kusetshenziswa ama-equation. Esihlokweni mayelana nokunquma insimu kagesi kusetshenziswa umthetho kaGauss, kuxoxwe ngefomula yokubala insimu kagesi eduze kwepuleti lomqhubi oshajwe ngogesi yi-E = σ/ε o , lapho σ = Q/A ukuze i-equation yensimu kagesi ishintshe ibe yi-E = Q/A : ε o = Q/A x 1/ε o = Q/Aε o . I-equation yamandla kagesi yi-V = E d, lapho i-E = Q /Aε o ukuze i-equation ishintshe ibe yi-V = Qd /Aε o . I-equation ye-capacitance yi-C = Q/V, lapho i-V = Qd/Aε o ukuze i-equation ye-capacitance ishintshe ibe yi-C = Q : Qd/Aε o = Q x Aε o /Qd = Aε o /d.
Ngokusekelwe ku-capacitance equation C = A ε o / d kungaphethwa ngokuthi i-capacitance (C) ilingana nendawo engaphezulu (A) futhi ilingana ngokuphambene nebanga (d) phakathi kwamapuleti amabili omqhubi.
Incazelo yefomula: E = insimu kagesi, σ = ukuminyana kweshaja, ε o = ukuvumela isikhala esingenalutho = 8,85 x 10 -12 F/m, Q = ishaja kagesi, A = indawo engaphezulu kwepuleti lomqhubi, V = umehluko wamandla kagesi.
