I-Atavism: Ukuthola Izimpawu Zesikhathi Esidlule Esizuzwe Njengefa
I-Pendahuluan
Ku-biology kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kunomqondo othakazelisayo owaziwa ngokuthi i-atavism. I-Atavism ibhekisela ekuveleni kabusha kwezimpawu zokhokho ezazilahlekile ezizukulwaneni ezidlule. Lesi simo siphakamisa imibuzo ethakazelisayo mayelana nokuthi imikhondo yesikhathi esidlule ingavela kanjani ngokuzumayo ezintweni eziphilayo zanamuhla. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umqondo we-atavism ngezindlela ezahlukene, kusukela ekuqondeni okuyisisekelo kuya ezibonelweni zangempela kuya ekubalulekeni kwawo esifundweni se-biology yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Kuyini i-Atavism?
Igama elithi Atavis livela egameni lesiLatini elithi “atavus,” elisho ukhokho. Libhekisela ekuveleni kwezici ezithile ezikhona kokhokho abakude kodwa ezingekho ezizukulwaneni zakamuva. Ngokwezinto eziphilayo, i-atavis iwukuvela kwezici noma izakhiwo zomzimba ezivela kokhokho abalahlekile kudala. Nakuba ulwazi lwethu oluningi lwezakhi zofuzo luzuzwe kubazali bethu abaseduze, ezinye izici zingadlula izizukulwane futhi zivele—lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-atavism.
Izibonelo ze-Physical Atavisms
Isibonelo esidumile kakhulu se-atavism ukuvela kwezakhiwo zomzimba ezingavamile kubantu nasezilwaneni. Kubantu, esinye sezibonelo ezidumile kakhulu ze-atavism ukukhula komsila, okubonakala lapho kuzalwa. Nakuba abantu banamuhla bengenawo umsila obonakalayo, okhokho bethu basendulo babenezakhiwo ezifana nomsila. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile kakhulu, izingane zizalwa zinezinhlayiya zomgogodla ezifana nemisila.
Esinye isibonelo yisimo “sezinyawo zehhashi ezinezinyawo ezintathu” ngezinye izikhathi ezibonakala emahhashini anamuhla. Okhokho bamahhashi babenezinyawo ezingaphezu koyedwa, kodwa eminyakeni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, bakha uzwane olulodwa olukhulu—inselo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lesi sici sokungaguquguquki siyavela, futhi amahhashi azalwa enezinselo ezingaphezu kweyodwa.
Izibonelo ze-Vegetative Atavism
I-Atavism ayigcini ezilwaneni kuphela; ingenzeka nasezitshalweni. Lesi simo singabonakala ezitshalweni ezithuthukisa izici ezivela kokhokho bazo basendulo. Isibonelo, ezinye izitshalo zingathuthukisa amaphethini amaqabunga noma ezimbali afana nawokhokho bazo basendulo lapho kuba noshintsho oluzumayo endaweni noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo.
Izimbangela ze-Atavism
I-Atavism ivame ukubangelwa izici eziningana zezakhi zofuzo. Esinye salezi ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezakhi zofuzo ezazingasebenzi ngaphambili. Kuyo yonke intuthuko, izakhi zofuzo ezithile zingase zingasebenzi kodwa zihlale ohlakeni lwezakhi zofuzo lwezinto eziphilayo. Ukuvuselelwa kwalezi zakhi zofuzo kungabangela ukuvela kwezimpawu ze-atavistic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo noma amaphutha ekuhlukanisweni kwamaseli nakho kungabangela ama-atavism. Indawo eshintshayo yokukhulelwa nayo inegalelo ekuveleni kwama-atavism, njengoba lezi zimo zingakhuthaza ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezazingasetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphambilini.
Ukubaluleka Kocwaningo Lwebhayoloji Yokuziphendukela Kwemvelo
Ama-Atavism adlala indima ebalulekile ekufundweni kwebhayoloji yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lezi zenzakalo zinikeza izinkomba mayelana nokuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zishintshe kanjani eminyakeni eyizigidi. Ngokutadisha ama-atavism, ososayensi bangakha kabusha ubudlelwano bokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi bathole ukuqonda ngezimo zangaphambilini kanye nezinguquko zemvelo.
Ikhono lokubona izici ze-atavistic liphinde lithuthukise ukuqonda kwethu isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wezakhi zofuzo. Njengoba intuthuko kwezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-biotechnology iqhubeka, singasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze sithuthukise ukuqonda kwethu izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawulwa kwezakhi zofuzo.
Izinselele Ekufundweni Kwe-Atavism
Naphezu kobuhle bayo obuthakazelisayo, ucwaningo lwe-atavism lubhekene nezinselele ezahlukahlukene. Enye yezinselele ezinkulu ukuhlonza nokuqonda izindlela zofuzo ezisekela lesi simo. Nakuba izakhi zofuzo eziningana zikhonjwe njengezidlala indima ku-atavism, ukuqonda ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo nezici zemvelo kusalokhu kuyindawo esebenzayo yocwaningo edinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Isiphetho
Ama-Atavism ayizibuko esidlule sokuziphendukela kwemvelo esithinta ukuqonda kwethu i-biology kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Lezi zenzakalo azigcini nje ngokucebisa ulwazi lwethu lokuthi izinhlobo zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kodwa futhi zigcizelela ukubaluleka kwama-genome kanye nokulawulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ekudaleni ukuhlukahluka kokuphila eMhlabeni. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngama-atavism luzoqhubeka nokunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile nge-biology yesimanje yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nezakhi zofuzo, kanye nokujulisa ukuqonda kwethu ngobunkimbinkimbi bokuphila uqobo.
