Majekiseni: Vadziviriri Vehutano Hwepasi Pose
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, pasi rose rakaona kuwedzera kukuru mukugadzirwa nekugoverwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere, zvichiita basa guru mukuvandudza hutano hwepasi rose nekuponesa mamiriyoni evanhu gore rega rega. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora tsananguro yemishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere, nhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwayo, mashandiro ayo, uye migumisiro yakanaka nemakakatanwa akatevera.
Tsanangudzo uye Mashandiro Emajekiseni
Majekiseni zvinhu zvipenyu zvakagadzirirwa kupa dziviriro kubva kuchirwere chakati. Kazhinji zvine chinhu chinotevedzera hutachiona hunokonzera chirwere, kazhinji muchimiro chehutachiona husina simba kana husina kushanda, kana puroteni yakagadziridzwa kana chikamu chechirwere. Painopinzwa mumuviri, masoja ekudzivirira muviri anoiona senjodzi, ichigadzira masoja ekudzivirira muviri nemasero ekurangarira anopa dziviriro nekukurumidza kubva pakurwiswa mune ramangwana nechirwere chimwe chete.
Majekiseni anoshanda nekukurudzira masoja emuviri kuti aone uye arwise utachiona pasina munhu ari kusangana nechirwere ichi. Maitiro aya anoenderana nemasoja emuviri anochinjika, ayo anotungamira mashandiro emasoja emuviri mushure mekusangana nehutachiona hwekutanga. Kana angoshanda, muviri unoyeuka maitiro ekurwisa hutachiona hwemangwana, zvichipa dziviriro yenguva refu.
Nhoroondo yeKugadzirwa kweMajekiseni
Kushandiswa kwekutanga kwakanyorwa kwekubaiwa majekiseni kwaive muChina neIndia zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura kuburikidza netsika ye'variolation,' umo zvinhu zvakabva mumhando yesmallpox yaitorwa yopihwa kuvanhu vane hutano kuti vape dziviriro yezvirwere. Zvisinei, kubaiwa majekiseni kunonzi kwakaitwa naEdward Jenner muna 1796. Achishandisa zvinhu zvakabva kumombe dzaive necowpox, Jenner akakwanisa kupa dziviriro kubva kusmallpox muvanhu. Kuwanikwa kwake kwakaonekwa sebudiriro mukudzivirira zvirwere uye kwakagadzira nzira yekuvandudzwa kwemajekiseni emazuva ano.
Muzana remakore rechi19 nerechi20, kugadzirwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira chirwere kwakafambira mberi nekukurumidza. Louis Pasteur, achishandisa musimboti we'kuderedza kupararira kwezvirwere' - kumisa hutachiona hwekushandisa mumishonga yekudzivirira chirwere - akagadzira mushonga wechirwere cherabies. Gare gare, mapiyona akaita saJonas Salk naAlbert Sabin vakagadzira mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere cheporiyo, uyo wakabvisa zvakanyanya kupararira kweporiyo pasi rose.
Kukosha uye Mhedzisiro yeMajekiseni
Majekiseni akachinja hutano hwevanhu. Zvirwere zvaimbokonzera kutya nerufu rwevanhu vazhinji, zvakaita sechikwekwe nepoliyo, zvave kuda kupera munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi rose. Chikwekwe chaive chimwe chezvienzaniso zvekutanga zvekubaiwa majekiseni zvakabudirira zvakakonzera kubviswa kwezvirwere zvachose, neWorld Health Organization ichizivisa pasi rose kuti hapana chikwekwe muna 1980.
Uyezve, majekiseni anoita basa guru muhutano hwevana. Nekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira zvakaita segwirikwiti, rubella, uye diphtheria, majekiseni anoderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwekufa kwevacheche nevana. Mapurogiramu akawanda epasi rose ekudzivirira majekiseni anotsigirwa nemasangano akaita seWHO neUNICEF akachinja hutano nekugadzikana mune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri panjodzi huru pasi rose, zvichiratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka mukuderedza kufa kwevana pasi rose.
Gakava uye Matambudziko
Pasinei nemabhenefiti ayo anoshamisa, majekiseni anosanganawo nematambudziko. Kusavimba neveruzhinji, kusaziva chokwadi, uye matambudziko ezvekufambisa zvinhu zvinowanzokanganisa zvirongwa zvekubaya majekiseni. Kunyangwe ruzhinji rwekutsvagisa kwesainzi neruzivo rwehutano hwevanhu zvichitsigira kuchengetedzeka nekushanda kwemajekiseni, kufamba kwekudzivirira majekiseni kwakawedzera simba munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Kufamba uku kunowanzo konzerwa nekutya nepfungwa dzisina kururama pamusoro pemigumisiro inogona kuitika, pamwe nekusava nechokwadi kwemasangano ekurapa nemishonga.
Nyaya inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye ongororo inotaura kuti pane hukama pakati pekudzivirira chirwere cheMMR (mumps, measles, uye rubella) ne autism. Izvi zvakazoratidzwa kuti ndezvenhema asi zvakakanganisa kuvimba kwevanhu kwenguva refu nemajekiseni. Kusanzwisisa uku kwakakurudzira kudzoka kwezvirwere zvaimbove zvichidzorwa, zvakaita se measles, zvichiwedzera njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu.
Basa reMajekiseni Munguva Yemberi
Munguva yedenda reCOVID-19, kugadzirwa kwemajekiseni matsva kwakawedzera. Tekinoroji yemRNA inoshandiswa mumajekiseni ePfizer-BioNTech neModerna inopa hwaro hutsva hwekuvandudzwa kwemajekiseni emangwana nekukurumidza uye nyore nyore. Iyi nzira yemajini inobvumira vakuru vezvehutano kuti vagadzirise nekukurumidza kuzvirwere zvitsva zvepasi rose.
Mavhairasi netupukanana tucharamba tichikura, pamwe nematambudziko aanosangana nawo. Saka, hunyanzvi hutsva muhunyanzvi hwekudzivirira majekiseni hwakakosha. Pamwe chete nekushandira pamwe kwepasi rose uye kuzvipira kudzidzo yehutano hweveruzhinji, majekiseni acharamba achiita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hutano hwepasi rose.
Mhedziso
Tichishandisa zvidzidzo kubva munguva yakapfuura, zvakakosha kukurudzira ruzivo rwehutano uye kuvimba nemajekiseni. Rutsigiro rwehurumende, tsvakiridzo iri kuenderera mberi, uye kunzwisisa kwemafambiro emagariro evanhu ejekiseni zvinofanirwa kuwiriraniswa kuti zvirongwa zvepasi rose zvejekiseni zvibudirire. Majekiseni, sezvishandiso zvehutano zvinoshanda uye zvinobudirira, anoramba ari mbiru huru mukuedza kuderedza zvirwere zvinotapukira uye kuvandudza hutano hwese hwenharaunda. Nenzira ine ruzivo rwakawanda uye yekushandira pamwe, tinogona kusangana zviri nani nematambudziko ehutano mune ramangwana.
