Kushanda nesimba

Kana ukasunda bhuku patafura kusvika rafamba, unenge uchiita basa pabhuku. Kana chinhu chikawira pamusoro penyika nekuti chadhonzwa nesimba regiravhiti, simba regiravhiti rinoshanda pachinhu chacho. Kusiyana neizvi, kana ukasunda chinhu nesimba rako rese kusvika wanyorova nedikita asi chinhu chacho chikasafamba, unenge usati waita basa pachinhu chacho. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, vamwe vanhu vanoti washanda nesimba kana kuti wakashanda nesimba kuti usundire chinhu chacho, asi maererano nefizikisi , hauna kushanda pachinhu chacho nekuti chinhu chacho hachifambi.

Basa pachinhu rinogona kuitwa nesimba risingaperi (hukuru negwara resimba zvinogara zvakafanana) kana simba rinoshanduka (hukuru negwara resimba zvinogara zvichichinja). Muenzaniso wesimba rinoramba riripo muhukuru negwara isimba rinokwevera zvinhu rinoshanda pachinhu kana chinhu chiri pedyo nepamusoro peNyika. Kana chinhu chiri mukudonha kwakasununguka pedyo nepamusoro peNyika, hukuru negwara rekumhanya kwekuwa kwakasununguka kwechinhu hazvichinji nekuti hukuru negwara resimba rinokwevera zvinhu zvinokurumidza hazvichinji. Muenzaniso wesimba risingachinji (gwara resimba rinoramba riripo) isimba rechitubu . Kana ukatambanudza chitubu, kuwedzera kwehurefu hwechitubu, ndiko kwaunodhonza zvakaoma. Hukuru hwesimba rinoshandiswa pachitubu hahuchinji sezvo chitubu chichitambanudza. Mumwe muenzaniso ndewekuti roketi inofamba muchadenga kana kudzokera pamusoro peNyika. Kana roketi iri kufamba, hukuru hwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu rinoshanda paroketi hunochinja zvichienderana nechikamu chedaro kubva pakati peNyika.

Panyaya yemasvomhu, basa rinoitwa nesimba risingaperi pachinhu rinotsanangurwa sechibereko chekutama kwechinhu chinowedzera simba kana chikamu chesimba munzira yekutama kwechinhu.

Basa rinoitwa nesimba risingachinji senge chitubu harigone kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura yebasa nesimba risingachinji. Kana chitubu chikatambanudzwa, sezvo chitubu chichiwedzera kutambanudza, simba rekudhonza rinodiwa kuti chitubu chitambanudzwe rinokurawo. Saizvozvowo, kana chitubu chikamanikidzwa, kana chitubu chakasimba, simba rekusunda rinodiwa rinokurawo. Chero bedzi chitubu chikadzvanyirirwa kana kutatamuka, simba rechitubu rinoshanduka kubva pa0 (x = 0) kuenda pahuwandu hwepamusoro (F = kx) saka simba rechitubu rinoverengerwa uchishandisa avhareji.

Muenzaniso wezvinetso

1. Mibvunzo yebvunzo dzeNyika dza2018

Bhurukwa rehukuru m riri panzvimbo yakatsetseka yakati sandara. Bhurukwa iri rakamira panzvimbo (1) uye rinodhonzwa nechisimba F panzvimbo (2) panguva yakatarwa t sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.

Nekusiyanisa huremu nesimba, data rinotevera rinowanikwa:

Kubva patafura iri pamusoro, basa rinoitwa nezvinhu kubva pazvikuru kusvika pazvidiki…

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kumhanya kwekutanga (v _o ) = 0

Akabvunzwa:

Mhinduro:

Fomura yebasa:

W = F s ………. Fomura 1

Fomura yeGLBB:

s = vot ₊ 1/2 pa ²

s = 1/2 pa ²

Tsiva fomura 1

W = F ( 1/2 pa ² ) ……. Fomura 2

Fomura yekumanikidza:

F = ma

a = F/m

Tsiva fomura 2

W = 0,5 F (F/m) t ²

W = 0,5 (F ² /m) t ² ……. Fomura 3

Shandisa fomura 3 kuti uverenge kushanda nesimba.

1) W = 0,5 (F ² /m) t ² = 0,5 (3 ² /12)(4 ² ) = (0,5)(9/12)(16) = (9/12) 8 = 6

2) W = 0,5 (F ² /m) t ² = 0,5 (4 ² /16)(3 ² ) = (0,5)(16/16)(9) = (1) 4,5 = 4,5

3) W = 0,5 (F ² /m) t ² = 0,5 (5 ² /20)(2 ² ) = (0,5)(25/20)(4) = (1,25) 2 = 2,5

4) W = 0,5 (F ² /m) t ² = 0,5 (6 ² /24)(1 ² ) = (0,5)(36/24)(1) = (1,5) 0,5 = 0,75

Basa rinoitwa nezvinhu kubva pazvikuru kusvika pazvidiki i1, 2, 3, 4.

2. Mibvunzo yebvunzo dzenyika dzeSMA/MA dzegore ra2017

Kireti ine huremu hwe6 kg iri kutsvedza nekumhanya kwe8 m/s ^-1 padenderedzwa rakakombama rine kona yekutsvedza α kuenda kune rakatwasuka. Kana simba rekukweshana richishanda paketi riri 5 N uye tan α = 3/4, saka simba F rinofanira kushandiswa kumisa keti riri pasi pedenderedzwa rakakotama ndiro…

A. 15 N

B. 25 N

C. 45 N

D. 55 N

E. 69,4 N

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa kuti:

Huremu hwebhokisi (m) = 6 kg

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Kumhanya kwekutanga kwebhokisi (vo ₎ = 8 m/s

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira kwebhokisi (v _t ) = 0 m/s (bhokisi rinofanira kumira risati rasvika pasi penzvimbo yakatsamira)

Simba rekukweshana (F _kukweshana ) = 5 N

Tangent α = divi repamberi / divi repasi = 3/4

Hypotenuse = mamita mashanu

Akabvunzwa: F

Mhinduro:

Dzidziso yesimba rekushanda nemabasa emakanika:

Basa rinoitwa nesimba risingachengetedzi = shanduko musimba remakanika

Basa rinoitwa nesimba risingachengetedzi zvinhu = shanduko musimba rekinetic nerinogona kushandiswa.

Kune masimba maviri asingachengetedze, anoti kinetic friction uye F force.

Basa rinoitwa nekinetic friction force pabhokisi:

W = -(F _ges )(s) = -(5)(5) = -25

Hazvina kunaka nekuti divi resimba rekukweshana rakapesana nedivi rekufamba kwebhokisi.

Basa rakaitwa nesimba F:

W = (F)(s) = (F)(5) = -5F

Hazvina kunaka nekuti gwara resimba F rakapesana negwara rekufamba kwebhokisi.

Kuchinja kwesimba rekinetic:

Δ EK = 1/2 m (v _t ² – v _o ² ) = 1/2 (6) (0 ² – 8 ² ) = (3) (0-64) = (3)(-64) = -192

Kuchinja kwesimba regiravhiti:

Δ EP = mgh = (6)(10)(-3) = -180

h haina kunaka nekuti nzvimbo yekupedzisira iri pasi penzvimbo yekutanga

Dzidziso yesimba rekushanda nemabasa emakanika:

W _nc = Δ EM

W _ges + W _F = Δ EP + Δ EK

-25 – 5F = -180 -192

-25 – 5F = -372

-5F = -372 + 25

-5F = – 347

F = -347 / -5

F = 69,4 Newton

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiE.

3. Mibvunzo yebvunzo dzenyika dzeSMA/MA dzegore ra2017

Chivharo che10 kg chinotsvedza kubva panzvimbo A kusvika paB chomira panzvimbo C sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Chiyero chekukakavadzana kwekinetic pakati pechivharo nepamusoro pevhu i0,2, saka kureba kwenzira ABC…

A. 250 cm

B. 200 cm

C. 150 cm

Kureba 100 cm

E. 80 cm

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa kuti:

Huremu hwebhuroko (m) = 10 kg

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Kurema kwebhuroko (w) = mg = (10 kg)(10 m/s ² ) = 100 Newtons

Kureba kwendege yakatsamira (h) = 30 cm = 0,3 metres

Kureba kwenzvimbo dzakarerekera = 50 cm = 0,5 metres

Kushanda kwe kinetic friction ( μ _k ) = 0,2

Simba rekukweshana kweKinetic (f _k ) = μ _k N = μ _k w = (0,2)(100 N) = 20 N

Mubvunzo: Kureba kwenzira ABC

Mhinduro:

Funga nezvekufamba kwechinhu kubva pa AB.

Simba rekutanga remakanika panzvimbo A = simba rekukwevera pasi = mgh = (10)(10)(0,3) = (10)(3) = 30 Joules

Simba rekupedzisira remakanika panzvimbo B = simba rekinetic

Mutemo wekuchengetedza simba remakanika:

Simba rekutanga remakanika = simba rekupedzisira remakanika

30 Joules = Kinetic simba

Saka simba rekinetic riri panzvimbo B = 30 Joules.

Funga nezvekufamba kwechinhu ichi kubva panzvimbo BC.

Dzidziso yesimba rekushanda inotaura kuti basa rinoitwa nesimba risingachengetedzeki rakaenzana nekuchinja kwesimba remuchina rechinhu. Kuchinja kwesimba remuchina = simba rekupedzisira remuchina - simba rekutanga remuchina. Pamasvomhu:

W _NC = Δ EM

W _NC = EM ₂ – EM ₁

Chinhu chacho chiri panzvimbo yakati sandara zvekuti simba regiravhiti ringave zero. Simba remakanika (EM) = simba rekinetic (EK).

Simba rekutanga rekinetic (EK ₁ ) = simba rekinetic panzvimbo B = 30 Joules

Simba rekupedzisira rekinetic (EK ₂ ) = simba rekinetic panzvimbo C = 0 (block stops).

Basa rinoitwa nesimba risingachengetedzi reBC ibasa rinoitwa nesimba rekinetic friction.

W _NC = – f _k s = – masekondi makumi maviri

Jadi

W _NC = EK ₂ – EK ₁

– masekondi makumi maviri = 0 – 30

– masekondi mana = – zana

masekondi makumi maviri = makumi mashanu

s = 30/20 = 3/2 = 1,5 metres = 1,5 x 100 cm = 150 cm.

Kureba kwenzira ABC = 50 cm + 150 cm = 200 cm.

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

4. 2014/2015 SMA/MA Mubvunzo weNyaya yeFizikisi Nhamba 8

Tarisa mufananidzo unotevera! Bhurukwa rinotsvedza padenderedzwa rakakombama rine coefficient yekukweshana ye0,4. Kana g = 10 ms ^-2 , saka kumhanya kwebhurukwa parinorova pasi pedenderedzwa rakakombama...

A. 2√5 ms^-1

B. 2 √7 ms ^-1

C. 2 √14 ms ^-1

D. 2 √19 ms ^-1

E. 2 √23 ms ^-1

Kukurukurirana

Ndichitarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi

Zvinozivikanwa kuti:

Kureba kwekutanga (h _o ) = 6 m

Kureba kwekupedzisira (h _t ) = 0 m

Kumhanya kwekutanga (vo _o ) = 0 (pakutanga bhokisi racho rinenge richiripo)

Kinetic friction coefficient ( μ _k ) = 0,4 ( block inotsvedza saka coefficient ye kinetic friction, kwete coefficient ye static friction )

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 ms ^-2

cos θ = pasi/oblique = 8/10

Chikamu chehuremu chiri munzira yakatwasuka = ​​w _y = w cos θ = mg cos θ = m (10) (8/10) = m (10)(4/5) = m (40/5) = 8 m

Simba rakajairika = N = w _y = 8 m

Simba rekukweshana kweKinetic = f _k = μ _k N = μ _k w _y = (0,4)(8 m) = 3,2 m

Mubvunzo: Kumhanya kwekupedzisira (v _t )

Mhinduro:

Dzidziso yesimba rekushanda inoti basa rinoitwa nesimba risingachengetedze chinhu rakaenzana nekuchinja kwesimba remuchina wechinhu. Muenzaniso wesimba risingachengetedze chinhu i kinetic friction.

W_nc = ΔEM

W _nc = Δ EK + Δ EP

Information :

W _nc = Basa rinoitwa nesimba risingachengetedzi, Δ EM = Kuchinja kwesimba remakanika, Δ EK = Kuchinja kwesimba rekinetic, Δ EP = Kuchinja kwesimba rinogona kushandiswa.

Kuchinja kwesimba rekinetic:

ΔEK = 1/2 m (v)_t² - v_o²) = 1/2 m (v)_t² - 0) = 1/2 mv_t²

Kuchinja kwesimba rinogona kushandiswa:

Δ EP = mg (h _t – ho ₎ = m (10)(0-6) = m (10)(-6) = – 60 m

Basa rinoitwa ne kinetic friction:

Wnc = – f _ks = – ( 3,2 m)(10) = – 32 m

Hazvina kunaka nekuti simba rekinetic friction rinoita basa re negative, uko divi rekinetic friction force (kumusoro) rakapesana nedivi rekutama kwechinhu (kudzika).

Verenga kumhanya kwekupedzisira (v _t ):

Wnc = Δ EK + Δ EP

– 32 m = 1/2 mv _t ² – 60 m

– 32 m = m (1/2 v _t ² – 60)

– 32 = 1/2 v _t ² – 60

– 32 + 60 = 1/2 v _t ²

28 = 1/2 v _t ²

2 (28) = v _t ²

56 = v _t ²

v _t = √4.14

v _t = 2 √14 ms ^-1

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

5. 2014/2015 SMA/MA Mubvunzo weNyaya yeFizikisi Nhamba 8

Tarisa mufananidzo uri padivi!

Bhiriko rinotsvedza pasi pedenderedzwa rakakombama, richisvika pasi pedenderedzwa rakakombama nekumhanya kwe10 ms ^-1 . Kana simba rekukweshana riri 2 N uye g = 10 ms ^-2 , saka kukosha kwe h ndiko ….

A. 10 m

B. 8 m

C. 6 m

D. 4 m

E. 2 m

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa kuti:

Huremu hwebhuroko (m) = 1 kg

Kumhanya kwekutanga (vo _o ) = 0 (pakutanga bhokisi racho rinenge richiripo)

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira (v _t ) = 10 ms ^-1

Kureba kwekutanga (h _o ) = h

Kureba kwekupedzisira (h _t ) = 0

Simba rekukweshana kweKinetic (f _k ) = 2 N

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 ms ^-2

Akabvunzwa: Kureba (h)

Mhinduro:

Basa rinoitwa ne kinetic friction:

Wnc = – f _ks = – (2 )(15) = – 30

Hazvina kunaka nekuti simba rekinetic friction rinoita basa re negative, uko divi rekinetic friction force (kumusoro) rakapesana nedivi rekutama kwechinhu (kudzika).

Kuchinja kwesimba rekinetic:

ΔEK = 1/2 m (v)_t² - v_o²) = 1/2 (1)(10² - 0) = 1/2 (10²) = 1/2 (100= = 50

Kuchinja kwesimba rinogona kushandiswa:

Δ EP = mg (h _t – ho ₎ = (1)(10)(0-h) = (10)(-h) = -10 maawa

Fomura yedzidziso yekushanda nesimba remakanika:

Wnc = Δ EK + Δ EP

– 30 = 50 – 10 maawa

Maawa gumi = 50 + 30

10 maawa = 80

h = 80/10

h = mamita 8

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.