Kana ukatambanudza bhandi rerabha kana tayi rerabha kusvika panzvimbo yakati, rinotambanuka. Mushure mekusunungura simba, rabha rinodzoka pakureba kwaro kwekutanga. Saizvozvowo, kana ukatambanudza chitubu, chinotambanuka. Mushure mekusunungura, rinodzoka pakureba kwaro kwekutanga. Chitubu kana rabha rinotambanuka kana ratambanudzwa uye rinodzoka pakureba kwaro kwekutanga mushure mekunge simba rabuda nekuti rava elastic. Elasticity kugona kwechinhu kudzokera kuchimiro chacho chepakutanga kana simba rinoshandiswa pachiri rabviswa.
Wakambotsenga chingamu here? Kana ukadhonza chingamu nemaoko ese, chinokura kwenguva refu. Mushure mekusunungura kudhonza, chimiro chengamu chinoramba chakafanana, kana kuti kureba kwengamu hakuzodzokeri pakwayo kwekutanga. Ndizvo zvakafanana nepurasitiki, ivhu, nezvimwewo. Zvinhu zvakaita sechingamu, purasitiki, nevhu zvinonzi zvinhu zvepurasitiki. Zvinhu zvinopfava zvakaita semasprings zvinogonawo kuva purasitiki kana zvikadhonzwa nesimba guru uye zvikapfuura muganho wazvo we elastic.
Kana chitubu chikadhonzwa kurudyi, chinotambanuka uye chinowedzera kureba (Mufananidzo 1). Kana simba rekudhonza risina kukura zvakanyanya, zvinowanikwa kuti kuwedzera kureba kwechitubu kunoenderana nehukuru hwesimba rekudhonza (F). Nemamwe mashoko, simba rekudhonza rakakura, kuwedzera kukuru kwenguva yechitubu. Chiyero chehukuru hwesimba rekudhonza (F) nekuwedzera kwenguva refu kwechitubu chinhu chisingachinji.
Chiyero chiri pakati pesimba (F) nekuwedzera kwehurefu hwechitubu hachichinji, izvo zvinoratidzwa nekutsetseka kumwe chete kwegirafu (mufananidzo 2).
k ipfungwa yechitubu isingachinji kana kuti coefficient yekusimba kwechitubu kana kuti chiyero chekuchinjika kwechitubu. Hukama uhwu hwakatanga kuonekwa naRobert Hooke (1635 - 1703) muna 1678, saka unozivikanwa semutemo waHooke.
Kana hukuru hwesimba rinoshandiswa pachitubu hukadarika muganho we elastic wechitubu, ipapo mushure mekunge simba rabviswa, hurefu hwechitubu hahuzodzokeri pahurefu hwaro hwepakutanga. Mutemo waHooke unoshanda chete kusvika pamuganhu we elastic . Muganho we elastic wechitubu isimba guru rinogona kushandiswa pachitubu chitubu chisati chachinja zvachose uye hurefu hwechitubu hahugone kudzokera pahurefu hwaro hwepakutanga. Kana hukuru hwesimba hukaramba huchiwedzera, chitubu chichakuvara.
Muenzaniso wezvinetso
1. Mibvunzo yebvunzo dzeNyika dza2018
Museve unosungirirwa pauta, wobva wadhonzwa kumashure nesimba re20 N kuitira kuti uta hwemuseve hutambanuke daro re20 cm. Kukweshana kwemhepo hakutariswi, huremu hwemuseve i250 gramu, saka kumhanya kwemuseve paunopfurwa kubva pauta…
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa:
Simba (F) = 20 N
Kuwedzera kureba ( s) = 20 cm = 0,2 m
Huremu hwemuseve (m) = 250 magiramu = 0,25 kg
Kumhanya kwekutanga (vo ) = 0 m/s
Akabvunzwa: Kumhanya kwemuseve kana wapfurwa kubva pauta
Mhinduro:
Basa (W) = shanduko musimba rekinetic ( ΔEK)
W = F s = (20)(0,2) = 4
EK = 1/2 m (v)t2 - vo2) = 1/2 m (v)t2) = 1/2 (0,25)(v)t2) = 1/2 (0,25)(v)t2) = 0,125 vt2
W = ΔEK
Fs = 1/2 m (v t 2 )
4 = 0,125 v t 2
4/0,125 = v t 2
v t 2 = 32
v t = √32
v t = √(16)(2)
v t = 4√2 m/s
