Tsanangudzo yeMakambani Ane Varidzi Vega (BUMS)
Pendauluan
Makambani Akazvimirira (BUMS) chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi hwenyika, kusanganisira Indonesia. BUMS makambani ane mari yakakwana yemakambani akazvimirira, kungave ari ega kana mumapoka. Panyaya dzehupfumi, BUMS inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira mabasa, kutungamira hupfumi, uye kubatsira mukukura kweGross Domestic Product (GDP).
Nhoroondo neKubudirira kweBUMS muIndonesia
Nhoroondo yemabhizinesi ehurumende (BUMS) muIndonesia inogona kuteverwa kudzokera shure munguva yehutongi hwevakoloni, apo makambani akasiyana-siyana akazvimirira, kunyanya ekuDutch, akatonga zvikamu zvakakosha zvakaita seminda, kutengeserana, uye maindasitiri. Mushure merusununguko, hurumende yeIndonesia yakatanga kuedza kuita kuti makambani akawanda anotungamira kune dzimwe nyika ave ehurumende. Zvisinei, chikamu chakazvimirira chinoramba chichiita basa rakakosha uye chinoramba chichikura zvichienderana nekuchinja kwemitemo yehupfumi.
Munguva yeNew Order, hurumende yakakurudzira kudyara mari kwevanhu vega kuburikidza nemitemo yayo yehupfumi. Izvi zvaikonzerwa nekuziva basa guru rebazi repachivande mukusimudzira kukura kwehupfumi hwenyika. Munguva iyi, takaona kuwedzera kwemakambani ehurumende (SOEs) muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sekugadzira zvinhu, mabhangi, uye mabasa.
Hunhu hweBUMS
Kunze kwekunge iri yemakambani akazvimirira, BUMS ine hunhu hwakasiyana hunovasiyanisa nemamwe marudzi emabhizinesi, akadai seState-Owned Enterprises (BUMN). Heano mamwe ehunhu hukuru hweBUMS:
1. Kuva Muridzi weMari: Mari yese iri muBUMS inobva kuvanhu kana mapoka evanhu. Varidzi vanobatanidzwa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga mukutungamira nekuita sarudzo dzekambani.
2. Chinangwa Chikuru: BUMS inyaya yepurofiti. Purofiti inowanikwa inowanzo goverwa kuvaridzi muchimiro chemigove kana kuti inoiswazve mubhizinesi kuti rikure uye riwedzere kukura.
3. Kuchinjika Kwekushanda: Nekuti havasungirwi nemitemo yehurumende yakanyanya kuoma, BUMS inowanzo chinjika pakuita sarudzo dzebhizinesi. Izvi zvinovabvumira kukurumidza kuchinja zvinoenderana nekuchinja kwemusika uye zvinodiwa nevatengi.
4. Kuzvimiririra muKutungamira: Kutungamira kweBUMS kunoitwa nemuridzi uye/kana nevatungamiriri vakagadzwa. Ndivo vane mhosva yakananga pakubudirira kana kukundikana kwebhizinesi.
Basa uye Basa reBUMS muhupfumi
BUMS ine basa guru mukutsigira hupfumi hwenyika. Heano mamwe emabasa avo ehurongwa:
1. Vanopa Basa: BUMS ndeimwe yevanopa mabasa makuru mubazi rezvemakambani akazvimirira. Nekugadzira mikana yakasiyana-siyana yemabasa, BUMS inobatsira kuderedza kushomeka kwemabasa uye kuvandudza kugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda.
2. Mupiro kuGDP: BUMS inobatsira zvikuru kuGDP yenyika kuburikidza nemabasa akasiyana-siyana ehupfumi akadai sekugadzira zvinhu nemasevhisi, kudyara mari, uye kutumira kunze kwenyika.
3. Vanobhadhara mitero: BUMS inopa mupiro wakakura kumari inowanikwa nehurumende kuburikidza nekubhadhara mitero. Iyi sosi yemari inokosha kuti hurumende iwane mari yekusimudzira mabasa ehurumende.
4. Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Makwikwi: Kukwikwidzana pakati peBUMS (Makambani Ehurumende) kunowedzera hunyanzvi uye kushanda zvakanaka. Izvi zvinokurudzira kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi ari nani, zvichizowedzera kukwikwidzana kwehupfumi hwenyika mumusika wepasi rose.
Matambudziko Anosangana neBUMS
Kunyangwe iine basa rakakosha muhupfumi, BUMS inosanganawo nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira:
1. Mamiriro Ebhizinesi Nemirau: Kuchinja kwemitemo kusingatarisirwi uye mamiriro ebhizinesi asina kunaka zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro eBUMS. Kusaziva uku kunowanzo kukonzera njodzi huru kune vanoisa mari.
2. Makwikwi epasi rose: BUMS inokwikwidza kwete nemakambani emuno chete asiwo nemakambani ekunze ane zviwanikwa zvakawanda. Izvi zvinoda kuti BUMS irambe ichivandudza mhando uye kushanda zvakanaka.
3. Kuwana Mari Yekusimudzira: Kunyange hazvo mamwe maBUMS makuru aine mukana wekuwana mari iri nyore, mabhizinesi madiki nepakati mazhinji achiri kusangana nematambudziko mukuwana mari yekusimudzira mabhizinesi.
4. Kuvandudza Vashandi: BUMS inofanira kuramba ichiisa mari mukuvandudza vashandi kuitira kuti ikwanise kukwikwidzana mumusika wemabasa uri kuramba uchikwikwidzana.
Mhedziso
Makambani Akazvimirira (SOEs) anoita basa guru mukusimudzira hupfumi hweIndonesia. Sevanonyanya kufambisira mberi hupfumi hwenyika, maSOEs anogadzira mabasa, anobatsira muGDP, uye anokurudzira hunyanzvi hutsva. Pasinei nekusangana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana, basa remaSOEs muhupfumi harifanirwe kufuratirwa. Kuti arambe achikura, maSOEs anofanira kugadzirisa matambudziko aya uye kujairana nekuchinja-chinja kwehupfumi hwenyika. Rutsigiro rwehurumende nenzira yemitemo inotsigira uye mamiriro ebhizinesi akanaka zvakakoshawo kuti maSOEs abatsire zvakanyanya mukusimudzira nyika.
