Codominance: Kuongorora Pfungwa uye Mienzaniso muGenetics
Munyika yezvemajini, izwi rekuti "codominance" rinobuda sepfungwa huru inokosha kunzwisisa, kunyanya patinoedza kunzwisisa kuti humwe hunhu hunogarwa nhaka sei kubva kune chimwe chizvarwa kuenda kune chinotevera. Codominance inopa ruzivo rwakakura pamusoro pekuti majini anoshanda sei uye kuti zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona sei kubuda kuburikidza nemaitiro ekugara nhaka kweallele.
Pfungwa huru yeCodominance
Codominance imhando yenhaka yemajini umo maallele maviri akasiyana ejini rimwe chete anoratidzwa zvakaenzana, uye hapana anotonga kana kurereka pamusoro peimwe. Kusiyana nekutonga kwakazara, uko allele imwe inovhara kuratidzwa kweimwe, mu codominance, maallele ese ari maviri anobatsira zvakaenzana kune phenotype yechisikwa.
Chiitiko ichi chinoitika nekuti maallele ese ari maviri anoshanda uye chimwe nechimwe chinoburitsa puroteni inozivikanwa ne phenotypically muzvisikwa zvinotakura maallele ese ari maviri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vane heterozygous yejini vacharatidza hunhu hwemaallele ese ari maviri.
Mienzaniso yeCodominance muGenetics
Imwe yemienzaniso yakakurumbira ye codominance ndiyo system yeropa remunhu ye ABO. Musystem iyi, rudzi rweropa runotsanangurwa ne alleles nhatu: I^A, I^B, na i. Alleles dze I^A ne I^B dzinonyanya kuoneka, nepo i allele iri recessive.
– Vanhu vane allele I^A/I^A kana I^A/i vachave neropa rerudzi A.
– Vanhu vane allele I^B/I^B kana I^B/i vachave neropa rerudzi B.
– Vanhu vane allele yeI^A/I^B vachave neropa rerudzi rweAB, uko maantigen ese eA neB anowanikwa pamusoro pemasero matsvuku eropa, zvichiratidza kuti pane simba remuviri.
– Vanhu vane allele yei/i vachave neropa rerudzi rweO, uko maantigen eA kana B asingaratidzike.
Mhando yemhando ye "codominance" haiwanzojeka sezviri mu "ABO system". Mune zvimwe zviitiko, "codominance" inogona kuburitsa mapatani chaiwo kana zviratidzo muchisikwa. Semuenzaniso, muMirabilis jalapa, kana maruva e4 o'clock, ruvara rwemaruva runotsanangurwa ne "alleles" mbiri, dzose dziri mbiri dzinobatanidzwa mukuumbwa kwepigment. Kana "alleles" dzese dziri mbiri dzichiratidzwa panguva imwe chete, mhedzisiro yacho iruva rine musanganiswa wakasiyana wemavara.
Maitiro eMolekyuli Ari Kutevera Kutongana
Padanho remamorekuru, codominance inosanganisira kuratidzwa panguva imwe chete kwezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvemajini, kazhinji mapuroteni kana ma enzyme, anonyorwa ne allele yega yega. Kusiyana nekutonga kuri nyore, uko allele imwe chete inoratidzwa, mu codominance, zvinyorwa zveRNA nemapuroteni kubva kuallele ese ari maviri zviripo uye zvinoshanda musero.
Tora muenzaniso weropa rerudzi rweAB, uko maantigen ese ari maviri A neB anowanikwa nekuti maenzymes etransferase anogadzirwa neI^A neI^B alleles ese ari maviri anoshanda. Maenzyme aya anowedzera mamorekuru chaiwo ecarbohydrate pamusoro pemasero matsvuku eropa, zvichikonzera kuvepo kwemaantigen maviri anowanikwa nemuviri.
Kukosha kweCodominance muEvolution neBiology
Kutongana kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana (codominance) kune kukosha kwakakosha mukushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu uye biology yevanhu. Nekugonesa kusiyana kwezviitiko mukati mevanhu, kutongana kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana (codominance) kunobatsira kuti chipenyu chigone kugadzirisa nekurarama nekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza uye kumanikidzwa kwekusarudza.
Kubva pamaonero ekushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu, ma "codominant alleles" anogona kuchengetedzwa muhuwandu hwevanhu kana ma "phenotypes" maviri aya achipa mabhenefiti akasiyana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, "codominance" inogona kuwedzera kusiyana kwemajini mukati mehuwandu hwevanhu, zvichibvumira zvipenyu kuti zvipindure nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana ezvakatipoteredza.
Mashandisirwo uye Zvinorehwa neCodominance
Kunzwisisa codominance hakungokoshi chete mukutsvagurudza kwemajini asiwo kunobatsira muminda yakaita semishonga, kurima, uye biotechnology. Mukurapa, kuongorora majini emhando dzakasiyana kunogona kubatsira mukuongorora uye kuronga kurapwa kwemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Semuenzaniso, kana paine zvirwere zvemajini apo pane hunhu hunonyanya kukosha, kuongororwa kwemajini kunogona kuona genotype yemunhu uye kufanotaura chitarisiko chinogona kuitika zvichitungamira pakuita sarudzo dzakakodzera dzehutano.
Mukurima, codominance inoshandiswa muzvirongwa zvekuberekesa zvirimwa kusanganisa hunhu hunobatsira kubva kumarudzi akasiyana ealleles, zvichigadzira mhando itsva dzezvirimwa dzine hunhu hunodiwa senge kuramba zvirwere, kuwedzera goho, kana kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze.
Pamusoro pezvo, kudzidza nezve codominance kwakakoshawo mumunda we biotechnology yekugadzira majini uye kutevedzera hunhu hunogona kuita basa mukugadzirwa kwemafuta ebiofuel, mishonga, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvebiological.
Mhedziso
Kutongana kwemarudzi kunoratidza chimwe chikamu chekuoma kwemaitiro ekugara nhaka kwemajini, zvichiratidza hunhu hwehupenyu hunoshanduka uye hwakasiyana. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama mashandiro anoita kutongana kwemarudzi kunogona kuvhura mikana mitsva muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesainzi uye zvinoshanda, kubva pakuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu nezvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kusvika pakugadzira mhinduro itsva dzematambudziko epasi rose.
Kunzwisisa nezve codominance kunoratidzawo kukosha kwekuchengetedza kusiyana kwemajini pamatanho akasiyana-siyana e ecosystem, sezvo kusiyana uku kwakakosha pakuchinja-chinja uye kurarama kwemarudzi ari panyika. Sechikamu chakakosha chemajini emazuva ano, codominance inoramba iri nyaya yekutsvagisa ine zvibereko inovimbisa kukurudzira zvimwe zvinowanikwa mune ramangwana.
