Dziviriro Yemukati Yakananga (Antigen-Antibody)
Masoja emuviri evanhu isangano rakaomarara remasero, nyama, uye mamorekuru anoshanda pamwe chete kudzivirira muviri kubva kuhutachiona. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekudzivirira uku inzira chaiyo yekudzivirira mukati inozivikanwa sekubatana kweantigen-antibody. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura zvakadzama zvikamu izvi uye kuti zvinoshanda sei pamwe chete kuchengetedza muviri une hutano.
Nhanganyaya kuSistimu yeMuviri weMuviri
Sistimu yekudzivirira muviri ine nzira mbiri huru dzekudzivirira: dziviriro isina kujeka (yekuzvarwa nayo) uye dziviriro chaiyo (inochinjika). Dziviriro isina kujeka inoshanda semutsara wepamberi, ichidzivirira muviri kubva kune chero utachiona pasina kuda kuzivikanwa kwekutanga. Kusiyana neizvi, dziviriro chaiyo yakagadzirirwa kuziva nekurangarira hutachiona hwakati, zvichibvumira mhinduro nekukurumidza uye inoshanda kana utachiona humwe chete hukadzokazve.
Chii chinonzi Antigen?
Antigen imorekuru inogona kuzivikanwa nemasoja emuviri uye inoita kuti masoja emuviri apindure. Maantigen anogona kuva mapuroteni, mapolysaccharides, mafuta, kana nucleic acids anobva muzvirwere zvakaita semavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, kana tupukanana. Maantigen anogonawo kubva mumasero emuviri akachinja, akadai semasero ekenza.
Antigen yega yega ine nzvimbo inozivikanwa se epitope, inova chikamu chaicho cheantigen chinozivikanwa neimmune system. Kusiyana kwemaumbirwo e epitope kunoita kuti immune system ikwanise kusiyanisa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyangwe zvakafanana.
MaAntibodies: Varindi Vakakosha
Ma antibodies, kana kuti immunoglobulins, mapuroteni akagadzirwa nemasero eB (rudzi rwemasero machena eropa) nekuda kwekuvapo kwemaantigen. Ma antibodies ane chimiro chakaita seY, uye magumo ese e "ruoko" rwakaita seY anokwanisa kuziva nekusunga kune antigen chaiyo.
Kune mapoka mashanu makuru emasoja ekudzivirira chirwere: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, uye IgM. Rimwe nerimwe rine basa rakakosha mukupindura kwemasoja emuviri:
– IgA inonyanya kuwanikwa pamusoro pematumbu, senge mumapapu nemudumbu, uye inobatsira kudzivirira utachiona kuti husapinde mumuviri.
- IgD inobatanidzwa mukushanda uye kurongeka kwemasero eB.
– IgE ine basa rakakosha mukurwisa allergy uye hutachiona hwezvipembenene.
– IgG ndiyo antibody inonyanya kuwanikwa muropa nedzimwe mvura dzemuviri, ichitamba basa rakakosha mukurwisa hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya nemavhairasi.
– IgM ndiyo antibody yekutanga inogadzirwa panguva yekutanga kwekudzivirira kwehutachiona.
Kudyidzana kweAntigen-Antibody
Kudyidzana pakati peantigen neantibody ndiyo musimboti wekudzivirira muviri. Izvi zvinotanga kana antigen ikapinda mumuviri uye inotorwa nemasero anounza antigen, akadai semacrophages kana masero edendritic. Masero aya anobva agadzirisa antigen uye opa epitopes yayo kumasero eT-helper ari muma lymph nodes.
Kana yangoshanda, masero eT-helper anokurudzira masero eB kuti agadzire ma antibodies chaiwo anopesana neantigen iyoyo. Mamasero aya eB anogona kusiyana kuita masero eplasma, ayo anogadzira ma antibodies akawanda, kana kuita masero ekurangarira, ayo anoramba ari mumuviri kuti ave nechokwadi chekupindura nekukurumidza kana antigen imwecheteyo ikadzokazve mune ramangwana.
Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anokonzerwa nemasero eB anotenderera muropa, achitsvaga uye achibatana nemaantigen awo chaiwo. Kana masoja ekudzivirira chirwere achibatana nemaantigen, nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzivirira dzinotanga kushanda:
1. Kusapindirana: Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anobatanidzwa pamusoro pezvirwere kana chepfu kuti avhare kugona kwawo kutapurira kana kukuvadza masero emuviri.
2. Kufunga nezvehutachiona: Maitiro aya anochinja pamusoro pehutachiona, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti macrophages nema neutrophils vazvione uye vazvimedze.
3. Kushanda Kwemuviri: Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere akabatana nepamusoro pehutachiona anogona kushanda nehurongwa hwekuwedzera, mapuroteni eplasma anobatsira kuparadza utachiona.
Kuyeuka Kwemuviri
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemuviri wekudzivirira chirwere ndechekukwanisa kwawo kugadzira ndangariro kwenguva refu. Mushure mekupora kubva kuhutachiona, mamwe masero eB neT anobatanidzwa anova masero ekurangarira, ayo anoramba ari mumuviri. Kana munhu akadzoserwa kuhutachiona humwe chete, masero aya ekurangarira anogona kukura nekukurumidza uye kugadzira mhinduro inokurumidza uye yakasimba kupfuura panguva yehutachiona hwekutanga.
Iyi ndiyo hwaro hwekushanda zvakanaka kwemajekiseni, anoshandisa maantigen anobva kuzvirwere zvisina simba kana kuti zvisina simba kuti akurudzire kuumbwa kwendangariro yekudzivirira muviri pasina kukonzera chirwere chacho. Nenzira iyi, kana munhu akabayiwa jekiseni akasangana nejekiseni chaiyo, muviri unogona kurwisa nayo zvinobudirira.
Matambudziko muMhinduro yeAntigen-Antibody
Kunyangwe sisitimu yeantigen-antibody iri dziviriro inoshanda zvikuru, inosangana nematambudziko akati wandei. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mabhakitiriya ane simba rekuchinja nekukurumidza, achichinja ma epitopes awo uye achidzivirira kuonekwa nemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere aripo. Iri idambudziko guru pakurwisa mavhairasi akaita seHIV nefuruwenza.
Uyezve, masoja emuviri anogona kukanganisa, sekurwisa masero emuviri, izvo zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zve autoimmune. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, masoja e antigen-antibody anokanganisa hutano hwemunhu.
Penutup
Maantigen nema antibodies anoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira kwemuviri. Kuburikidza nekuziva, kupindura, uye kugadzira ndangariro, sisitimu iyi inodzivirira muviri zvinobudirira kubva kunjodzi dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvirwere. Zvisinei, matambudziko achiripo, zvichiita kuti pave nekutsvagurudza kuri kuenderera mberi nekugadzira nzira itsva dzekubatsira immune system mukubata nezvirwere zviri kuramba zvichichinjika.
Kunzwisisa zvakakwana mashandiro eantigen-antibody hakungokoshi chete kana tichitarisa chirwere, asiwo mukuvandudza nzira itsva dzekurapa, kusanganisira majekiseni nekurapa zvirwere zve autoimmune, izvo zviri kuramba zvichikosha pahutano hwepasi rose.
