Kusadzivirira Kurwara Mumuviri Nezvirwere Zvawo
Pendauluan
Masisitimu ekudzivirira muviri evanhu isystem yekudzivirira muviri yakagadzirwa kuti idzivirire muviri kubva kunjodzi dzakasiyana-siyana dzekunze, dzakadai sebhakitiriya, mavhairasi, fungi, uye tupukanana. Sisitimu iyi ine network yakaoma yemasero, mapuroteni, nhengo, uye tishu zvinoshanda pamwe chete kurwisa utachiona hunopinda mumuviri. Zvisinei, semamwe masisitimu mumuviri, masisitimu ekudzivirira muviri haashande zvakanaka nguva dzose. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura sisitimu yekudzivirira muviri, mashandiro ayo, uye mamwe matambudziko ekudzivirira muviri anogona kuitika.
Sisitimu Yemuviri Yekudzivirira Kurwara: Mashandiro Ainoita
Sisitimu yekudzivirira muviri ine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: innative immunity uye adaptive immunity. Innative immunity ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekudzivirira uye haina chekuita neizvi. Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira ganda, mucous membranes, uye mamwe masero machena eropa akadai semacrophages nema neutrophils, ayo ane basa rekudya nekuparadza hutachiona.
Kudzivirira kuchinjika, kune rumwe rutivi, inzira yechipiri yekudzivirira yakanyatsojeka kubva kuzvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Inosanganisira maB neT lymphocytes, anokwanisa kuyeuka nekupa dziviriro yakasimba uye nekukurumidza kana asanganazve nechirwere chimwe chete. Ma antibodies anogadzirwa nemasero eB ndiwo chikamu chakakosha chekudzivirira uku kuchinjika.
Mhando dzeMatambudziko eMuviri
Matambudziko emuviri anoitika kana masoja emuviri asingashande zvakanaka. Matambudziko aya anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: kushomeka kwemasoja emuviri, autoimmunity, uye hypersensitivity (allergy).
1. Kushomeka kwedziviriro yemuviri mumuviri
Kushaya simba rekudzivirira muviri kunoitika kana chikamu chemuviri wemuviri chisipo kana kuti chikasashanda zvakanaka. Dambudziko iri rinogona kuva rekutanga (rekuzvarwa naro) kana rechipiri (rinowanikwa).
– Kushaya Dziviriro Yemuviri: Chirwere chemajini chinowanzovapo kubva pakuzvarwa. Muenzaniso iSevere Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), umo varwere vasina kana kuti vashoma kana kuti vasina masero emuviri anokanganisa, zvichiita kuti vabatwe nehutachiona zvakanyanya.
– Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemuviri: Kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvekunze zvakaita sechirwere, mishonga, kana zvimwe zvirwere. Muenzaniso unozivikanwa zvikuru iAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), iyo inokonzerwa neHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Muchiitiko ichi, hutachiona hunorwisa masero eT, ayo akakosha pakudzivirira muviri.
2. Kuzvidzivirira kwemuviri
Kuzvidzivirira mumuviri chirwere che autoimmune chirwere apo masoja emuviri anorwisa masero nematishu awo ane hutano sekunge ari njodzi. Chikonzero chaicho che autoimmune system hachinzwisiswi zvizere, asi majini, zvakatipoteredza, uye mahormone zvine basa.
– Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Chirwere che autoimmune umo masoja emuviri anorwisa majoini, zvichikonzera kuzvimba, kurwadziwa, uye kukuvara zvachose kana zvikasarapwa.
– Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Inokanganisa nhengo dzakasiyana dzemuviri, zvichikonzera zviratidzo zvakaita sekuneta zvakanyanya, kurwadziwa kwemajoini, uye mapundu eganda.
– Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga: Chirwere apo masoja emuviri anorwisa masero e beta anogadzira insulin epancreas, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwe insulin uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweshuga muropa.
3. Matambudziko eHypersensitivity (Allergies)
Kunzwa kwakanyanya (Hypersensitivity) imhinduro yakawandisa kana isina kujairika yemuviri inokonzereswa nechinhu chisingakuvadzi. Kurwara kwemuviri muenzaniso unowanzoonekwa wekusanzwa kwakanyanya.
– Kurwara Nezvirwere Zvekudya: Kukonzera mhinduro yemuviri kuzvimwe zvekudya zvakaita senzungu, hove, kana zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo kubva pakuva nechirwere chemudumbu chisina kunyanya kuoma kusvika pakukanganisika zvakanyanya.
– Asthma yeAllergy: Chirwere chekuti zvinhu zvinokonzera allergy zvinokonzera kuzvimba kwenzira dzekufema, zvichiita kuti dzitete uye dzibereke zviratidzo zvakaita sekuoma kwekufema nekukosora.
Kuongorora uye Kurapwa
Kuti ugadzirise matambudziko ekudzivirira muviri, kuongororwa kwakakodzera kwakakosha. Izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira nhoroondo yakazara, kuongororwa kwemuviri, uye kuongororwa kwakatevedzana kwemurabhoritari, senge kuongororwa kweropa, kuti uongorore mashandiro emuviri wemuviri.
Kurapwa nemishonga zvinoenderana nerudzi uye kuoma kwechirwere chemuviri chekudzivirira chirwere.
– Kusakwana kweMadziviriro Emuviri: Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanogona kuda immunoglobulin yemutsinga kuti itsive masoja emuviri asipo, kurapwa nemajini, kana kutoisa stem cell kuti vagadzirise zvikanganiso zvemajini zvakagarwa nhaka.
– Kuzvidzivirira kwemuviri: Kurapa kunowanzo sanganisira kushandisa mishonga inodzvinyirira masoja emuviri kuderedza mhinduro yemasoja emuviri uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwenyama. Corticosteroids nemishonga isingashandisi masteroidal inorwisa kuzvimba inowanzo shandiswa kuderedza kuzvimba nekurwadziwa.
– Kurwara: Kurapa kunosanganisira kudzivirira allergy, antihistamines, bronchodilators yeasthma, uye epinephrine ye anaphylactic reactions dzakakomba.
Kudzivirira
Kunyange hazvo mamwe matambudziko ekudzivirira muviri ari majini uye asingadzivirirwe, pane matanho aunogona kutora kuti uchengetedze masoja ako emuviri aine hutano uye kuderedza njodzi yekurwara.
– Mararamiro Ane Hutano: Kudya zvine mwero, kurovedza muviri nguva dzose, kurara zvakakwana, uye kudzora kushushikana zvinhu zvakakosha pakuchengetedza dziviriro yemuviri ine hutano.
– Kubaiwa majekiseni: Kuwana majekiseni anokurudzirwa kunogona kudzivirira muviri kubva kuzvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba.
– Hutsanana Hwemunhu: Kugara uchitevedzera tsika dzehutsanana dzakadai sekugeza maoko ako nguva dzose kunoderedza mukana wekutapukirwa nezvirwere.
Mhedziso
Masisitimu ekudzivirira muviri anoita basa guru mukuchengetedza hutano nekudzivirira zvirwere. Zvisinei, kusarongeka kwemasimba ekudzivirira muviri kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano, kubva kuzvirwere zvinodzokororwa kusvika kuzvirwere zve autoimmune uye allergies. Kunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri uye maitiro ekuzvidzora kunotibatsira kuti tive vakangwarira uye varambe vachichengetedza hutano hwedu. Kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwakakodzera uye kurapwa kwakakodzera, zvirwere zvakawanda zvekudzivirira muviri zvinogona kugadziriswa, zvichibvumira vanotambura kurarama hupenyu hunobudirira uye hune hutano.
