Dielectric

Capacitor inogona kushanda kana maplate maviri/mapepa ekufambisa magetsi asingabatane kuitira kuti chaji yemagetsi isafambe kubva kune imwe conductor kuenda kune imwe. Saizvozvowo, kuitira kuti chaji yemagetsi isafambe kubva kune conductor kuenda kumhepo, nzvimbo iri pakati pemaconductor maviri inofanira kunge iri vacuum. Muchinyorwa nezve parallel plate capacitors, capacitance ye parallel plate capacitor yakakurukurwa, uko maplate maviri akaparadzaniswa ne vacuum. Capacitance ye capacitor mu vacuum ine miganhu, saka kuwedzera capacitance, dielectric inoiswa pakati pemaplate maviri/mapepa ekufambisa magetsi.

Dielectric chinhu chinochengetedza magetsi chinoparadzanisa maplate maviri e capacitor. Chinhu chinochengetedza magetsi chinhu chisingakwanise kufambisa magetsi, senge purasitiki, girazi, bepa, kana huni. Basa re dielectric nderekuwedzera capacitance, zvichiita kuti capacitor ikwanise kuchengetedza huwandu hwakawanda hwemagetsi uye simba rinogona kushandiswa.

Dielectrics inowedzera capacitance nekuti simba remagetsi riri pakati pemaplate maviri ekufambisa magetsi rinoderera.

Sei capacitance ye capacitor ichikwira mushure mekunge dielectric yaiswa pakati pemaplate maviri/conductor sheets? Kuti uwane mhinduro yemubvunzo uyu, tanga wayeuka chidzidzo pamusoro pe Chaja yemagetsiKufanana nechaja dzemagetsi dzinodzingana asi kusiyana nechaja dzemagetsi dzinokwezvana. Semuenzaniso, chaja dzakanaka dzinokwezvana. ine chaji isina simba, asi ichidzosa nechaji yakanaka. Saka sei purasitiki ine chaji isina simba ichigona kukwezva zvidimbu zvidiki zvepepa zvisina chaji yemagetsi? Izvi zvinoitika nekuti zvidimbu zvepepa zvinosangana nekupolarization kwechaji. Maerekitironi ari muzvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakaita sepepa haakwanise kufamba zvakasununguka semaerekitironi ari muzvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi. Saka kana purasitiki ine chaji isina simba ikaswededzwa pedyo nezvidimbu zvepepa, maerekitironi akabatana nemaatomu anodzoserwa kure nepurasitiki ine chaji isina simba, zvichikonzera polarization yechaji isina simba uye positive charge papepa. Chaji isina simba papepa iri kure nepurasitiki, nepo positive charge papepa iri pedyo nepurasitiki. Uyezve, chaji isina simba papurasitiki inokwevera chaji yakanaka pazvidimbu zvepepa kusvika bepa rakareruka raswedera pedyo nepurasitiki.

Maitiro ekubatanidza magetsi, kana kuti charge polarization, anoitika mupepa akafanana ne charge polarization inoitika mu dielectric. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri kuruboshwe, semuenzaniso, pakutanga pane ma plate maviri chete emagetsi anochaja. Plate rekuruboshwe rine positive charge, nepo plate rerudyi rine negative charge, saka divi remagetsi riri kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.

Mushure mekunge dielectric yaiswa pakati pemaplate maviri econductor, positive charge iri kuruboshwe inokwevera maerekitironi ari pamusoro pe dielectric iri pedyo, uye negative charge iri kurudyi inodzora maerekitironi ari pamusoro pe dielectric iri pedyo. Maerekitironi ari mu dielectric, inova insulator, haana kusununguka kufamba semaerekitironi ari mu conductor. Nokudaro, maerekitironi anoramba akasungirirwa kumaatomu, asi pane polarization yemaerekitironi ane negative charge nemaproton ane positive charge, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Kuvapo kwe positive charge kurudyi kwemaatomu e dielectric uye negative charge kuruboshwe rwemaatomu e dielectric kunoita kuti pave ne electric field inotungamirwa kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, nokudaro ichideredza simba re electric field rinogadzirwa ne electric charge iri pa conductor plate inotungamirwa kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Saka electric field inoderera kwete nekuti electric charge iri pamaplate maviri/conductor sheets inoderera asi nekuti electric field inoonekwa mu dielectric iri kune rimwe divi. Kana dielectric yabviswa, simba re electric field rinogadzirwa ne electric charge iri pamaplate maviri/conductor sheets rinodzokera kune rayo rekutanga.

Kana simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemagetsi ari pamapureti maviri ekufambisa magetsi rikadzikira, simba remagetsi riri pakati pemapureti maviri ekufambisa magetsi rinodzikirawo nekuda kwesimba remagetsi. Magetsi anoenderana zvakananga nemagetsi sezvinotaurwa mu equation E = V / d, apo E = munda wemagetsi, V = simba remagetsi uye d = daro pakati pemaplate maviri. Kana pakanga paine dielectric kare, simba remagetsi raiva V_o Saka mushure mekunge pave ne dielectric, simba remagetsi rinoderedzwa kusvika pa V ne factor ye K. Masvomhu, V_o = KV kana V = V_o / K kana K = V_o / V, apo K = chinhu chisingaperi che dielectric. V_o > V kuitira kuti K>1.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti huwandu hwechaji yemagetsi pamaplate ese/ma conductor sheets hahuchinji kuitira kuti huwandu hwekupedzisira hwechaji huve hwakafanana nehuwandu hwechaji hwekutanga (Q = Q)._oKuchinja kwe capacitance ye capacitor kunoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura inotevera:

Tsananguro yefomura: C = capacitance yekupedzisira, C_o = capacitance yekutanga, Q = kuchaja kwekupedzisira, Q_o = muripo wekutanga, V = mukana wekupedzisira, V_o = kugona kwekutanga, K = kusagadzikana kwe dielectric

Zvichibva pa equation iri pamusoro apa, zvakagumiswa kuti capacitance yekutanga (C)_o) idiki nepo capacitance yekupedzisira (C) yakakura. Capacitance inowedzera nechikamu cheK, apo K ndiyo dielectric constant. Kukosha kwe dielectric constant kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe chinodzivirira kupisa kunosiyana. Dielectric constant (K) imhedzisiro yekuenzanisa capacitance ye capacitor pakushandisa dielectric ne capacitance ye capacitor paisingashandisi dielectric.

Dielectrics inowedzera capacitance nekuti daro riri pakati pemaplate maviri ekufambisa magetsi rinoderedzwa.

Rimwe basa re dielectric nderekuderedza daro (d) pakati pema conductor plates maviri kuitira kuti electric field (E) ne electric voltage (V) pakati pema conductor plates/sheets maviri zviwedzere sezvakatsanangurwa ne equation E = V / d. Kana electric field ne electric voltage pakati pema plates/sheets maviri zvikawedzera saka capacitance ye capacitor inowedzera.
Kana capacitor iri kutaurwa iri ndiro yakafanana, saka capacitance yayo inoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura inotevera:

Zvichibva pamafomura maviri ari pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti capacitance (C) ye parallel plate capacitor inogona kuwedzerwa nekuderedza daro riri pakati pemaplate maviri/conductor sheets (d).

Dielectrics inowedzera capacitance nekuti simba re dielectric re capacitor rinowedzera.

Dielectrics inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, izvo, kana zvikaiswa mumunda wemagetsi wakasimba kwazvo, zvinozoparara. Kuparara kwemagetsi kunoitika kana munda wemagetsi wakasimba zvekuti zvinoita kuti maerekitironi abude mumaatomu, uko maerekitironi aya anogovana nemaerekitironi mune mamwe maatomu, zvichikonzera kuti maerekitironi afambe mukati me dielectric. Nemamwe mashoko, kuparara kwemagetsi kunoita kuti dielectric, inova insulator yemagetsi, ive kondakita yemagetsi.

Kuti kusava nekukuvara, dielectric yega yega yakagadzirwa nechimwe chinhu chinodzivirira magetsi ine simba guru remagetsi rayo rinogona kutsungirira, iro rinonzi simba re dielectric. Simba re dielectric rechinhu chinodzivirira magetsi rakakura kupfuura simba re dielectric remhepo uye chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinodzivirira magetsi chine simba re dielectric rakasiyana, mamwe madiki uye mamwe makuru. Saka kana dielectric ine simba guru re dielectric ikashandiswa, simba remagetsi rinogona kubatwa rakakura uye voltage yemagetsi inogona kubatwa yakakurawo. Kana simba remagetsi ne voltage yemagetsi inogadzirwa nemaplates maviri/ma conductor sheets zvakakura, huwandu hwe electric charge inogona kubatwa ne conductor plate hwakakura. Chaja yakawanda iri mu conductor plate, capacitance ye capacitor inowedzerawo.