Tsanangudzo ye capacitor yeplate yakafanana
Capacitor yeplate yakafanana i capacitor ine maplate maviri akafanana kana ma conductor plates, plate imwe neimwe ine nzvimbo yakafanana (A) uye maplate maviri akaparadzaniswa nedaro rakati (d), sezviri mumufananidzo uri kuruboshwe. Muchinyorwa chino, fungidzira kuti maplate maviri e conductor akaparadzaniswa ne vacuum. Mumufananidzo, rimwe remaplate e conductor rakachajwa zvakanaka (+Q) nepo rimwe plate re conductor rakachajwa zvakaipa (-Q), uko huwandu hwemagetsi paplate imwe neimwe hwakafanana.
Musiyano wekuchaja kwemagetsi pakati pemaplate maviri ekufambisa magetsi unogadzira munda wemagetsi nemusiyano wepositi pakati pawo. Plate yakachaja zvakanaka ine mukana wepamusoro, nepo plate yakachaja zvakaipa ine mukana wakaderera. Sezvakatsanangurwa munyaya yemagetsi , kana paine musiyano wepositi pakati pemaplate maviri ecapacitor, pane simba repositi remagetsi mucapacitor. Simba repositi remagetsi rinochengetwa mucapacitor rine mashandisirwo akawanda.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa capacitance ye parallel plate capacitor
Ma capacitor anotanga asina kuchajiwa, kana kuti asina simba remagetsi. Kuti achajiwe, anochajiwa nekubatanidza kune voltage source, senge bhatiri, uchishandisa tambo. Imwe conductor plate yakabatana ne positive terminal yebhatiri, nepo imwe conductor plate yakabatana ne negative terminal.
Yeuka kuti semachaji anodzosa simba, nepo machaji akasiyana achikwezva. Maerekitironi anochajwa zvisina kunaka uye anofamba zviri nyore nekuti ari pamusoro peatomu, nepo mapurotoni achichajwa zvakanaka uye haakwanise kufamba nekuti ari munucleus. Kana huwandu hwemapurotoni ari paplate inofambisa hukadarika huwandu hwemaerekitironi, plate yacho inochajwa zvakanaka. Kusiyana neizvi, kana huwandu hwemaerekitironi hukadarika huwandu hwemapurotoni, plate yacho inochajwa zvisina kunaka.
Mushure mekunge capacitor yabatanidzwa nebhatiri, danda rakanaka rebhatiri rinochajwa zvakanaka, richikwezva maerekitironi kubva paconductor plate, ukuwo danda rakanaka rebhatiri richichajwa zvakaipa, zvichidzosera maerekitironi kuconductor plate. Kutamiswa kwemaerekitironi pakati pebhatiri neconductor plate kunoita kuti conductor plate inorasikirwa nemaerekitironi ive positive charge uye conductor plate inogamuchira maerekitironi ive negative charge. Kutamiswa kwemaerekitironi kunomira kana musiyano wemagetsi pakati pemaerekitironi maviri econductor wakaenzana nemusiyano wemagetsi pakati pematerminal maviri ebhatiri.
Ma capacitor anochengeta chaji yemagetsi uye simba rinogona kushandiswa . Kuyera kugona kwe capacitor kuchengetedza chaji yemagetsi uye simba rinogona kushandiswa kunonzi capacitance. Chaji yemagetsi yakachengetwa yakakura, simba rinogona kushandiswawo, uye capacitance yakakura. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa capacitance ye parallel-plate capacitor?
- Nzvimbo yepamusoro yeplate yemutyairi
Ma capacitor eparallel plate anochengeta chaji yemagetsi pama conducting plates avo. Nzvimbo diki yeplate zvinoreva kuti chaji shoma inochengetwa; nzvimbo yakakura yeplate zvinoreva kuti chaji yakawanda inochengetwa. Chaji yakawanda inochengetwa pama conducting plates, simba remagetsi re capacitor rinokura. Saka, simba remagetsi re capacitor rakakura, capacitance yaro inowedzera. Zvichibva paongororo iyi, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti capacitance ye capacitor (C) inoenderana nenzvimbo yepamusoro yema conducting plates (A).
- Kureba pakati pemaplate maviri emutyairi
Kufamba kwemaerekitironi kunomira mushure mekunge musiyano uripo pakati pemaplate maviri econductor wakaenzana nemusiyano uripo pakati pemapango maviri ebhatiri. Chaji yemagetsi iri pamaplate maviri econductor inogona sei kuwedzera? Imwe nzira ndeyekuderedza daro riri pakati pemaconductor maviri (kuderedza d). Kana maconductor maviri akaswededzwa pedyo, huwandu hwechaji yemagetsi hunoramba hwakafanana kuitira kuti munda wemagetsi unogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi uve nemutengo usingachinji. Zvichibva paequation V = E d, kana munda wemagetsi (E) uri usingachinji, musiyano wechaji yemagetsi (V) unoderera kana daro riri pakati peplate mbiri dzeconductor rikaderedzwa (d).
Musiyano uripo pakati pemaplate maviri ekufambisa unoderera kusvika wava mudiki pane musiyano uripo pakati pematerminal maviri ebhatiri. Izvi zvinoita kuti maerekitironi afambe zvakare kusvika chaji yemagetsi paplate yega yega yekufambisa yawedzera. Kufamba kwemaerekitironi kunomira kana musiyano uripo pakati pemaplate maviri waenzana nemusiyano uripo pakati pematerminal maviri ebhatiri.
Kana daro riri pakati pemapureti maviri econductor radzikira, kushaja kwemagetsi paplate yega yega kunowedzera zvekuti simba remagetsi riri mucapacitor rinowedzerawo. Kana simba remagetsi riri mucapacitor rikawedzera, kushaja kwecapacitor kunowedzerawo. Kana daro rikadzikira, kushaja kunowedzera zvekuti kushaja kunowedzera, kana daro rikawedzera, kushaja kunoderera zvekuti kushaja kunoderera. Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kushaja kwecapacitor (C) kwakaenzana nekushaja kuri pakati pemapureti maviri econductor (d).
Equation ye capacitance ye capacitor yeplate yakafanana
Kare, zvakatsanangurwa zvinhu zvinokanganisa kukosha kwe capacitance ye parallel plate capacitor. Kukosha kwe capacitance kunogona kuzivikanwa zvakajeka kuburikidza nekuverenga uchishandisa ma equation. Muchinyorwa pamusoro pekutsvaga munda wemagetsi uchishandisa mutemo waGauss, kwakakurukurwa kuti fomura yekuverenga munda wemagetsi uri pedyo neplate ye conductor inochajwa nemagetsi ndeye E = σ/ε o , apo σ = Q/A kuitira kuti equation yemunda wemagetsi ichinje kuita E = Q/A : ε o = Q/A x 1/ε o = Q/Aε o . Equation yemagetsi inogona kuva V = E d, apo E = Q/Aε o kuitira kuti equation ichinje kuita V = Qd/Aε o . Equation ye capacitance ndeye C = Q/V, apo V = Qd/Aε o kuitira kuti equation ye capacitance ichinje kuita C = Q : Qd/Aε o = Q x Aε o /Qd = Aε o /d.
Zvichibva pa equation ye capacitance C = A ε o / d zvinogona kugumiswa kuti capacitance (C) inoenderana nenzvimbo yepamusoro (A) uye inoenderana nedaro (d) pakati pemaplate maviri e conductor.
Tsananguro yefomura: E = munda wemagetsi, σ = huwandu hwechaji, ε o = mvumo yenzvimbo isina chinhu = 8,85 x 10 -12 F/m, Q = chaji yemagetsi, A = nzvimbo yepamusoro yeplate yemuchina, V = musiyano wesimba remagetsi.
