Tanthauzo la capacitor ya mbale yofanana
Kaputeni wa mbale yofanana ndi kaputeni wokhala ndi mbale ziwiri zofanana kapena mbale zoyendetsera magetsi, mbale iliyonse ili ndi malo ofanana (A) ndi mbale ziwiri zolekanitsidwa ndi mtunda wina (d), monga momwe zilili pachithunzi chakumanzere. Munkhaniyi, tiyerekeze kuti mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi zalekanitsidwa ndi vacuum. Pachithunzichi, mbale imodzi yoyendetsera magetsi ili ndi mphamvu yabwino (+Q) pomwe mbale ina yoyendetsera magetsi ili ndi mphamvu yoipa (-Q), komwe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale iliyonse kuli kofanana.
Kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma conducting plates awiri kumapanga mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pawo. Mbale yoyendetsedwa bwino ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu, pomwe mbale yoyendetsedwa bwino ili ndi mphamvu yochepa. Monga tafotokozera m'nkhani yokhudza mphamvu yamagetsi , ngati pali kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa ma capacitor plates awiri, pali mphamvu yamagetsi mu capacitor. Mphamvu yamagetsi yosungidwa mu capacitor imagwira ntchito zambiri.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya capacitor yofanana ndi mbale
Poyamba ma capacitor sadzachajidwa, kapena sadzachajidwa ndi magetsi. Kuti adzachajidwe, amachajidwa powalumikiza ku gwero la magetsi, monga batire, pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe. Mbale imodzi ya kondakitala imalumikizidwa ku malo abwino a batire, pomwe mbale ina ya kondakitala imalumikizidwa ku malo oipa.
Kumbukirani kuti ma charge amabwerera m'mbuyo, pomwe ma charge osiyana ndi omwe amakoka. Ma electron ali ndi negative charge ndipo amasuntha mosavuta chifukwa ali pamwamba pa atomu, pomwe ma proton ali ndi positive charge ndipo sangasunthe chifukwa ali mu nyukiliyasi. Ngati chiwerengero cha ma proton pa conducting plate chiposa chiwerengero cha ma electron, mbaleyo imakhala ndi positive charge. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati chiwerengero cha ma elektroni chiposa chiwerengero cha ma proton, mbaleyo imakhala ndi negative charge.
Pambuyo poti capacitor yalumikizidwa ku batri, ndodo yabwino ya batri imayikidwa positive charge, zomwe zimakopa ma elekitironi kuchokera ku conductor plate, pomwe ndodo yoyipa ya batri imayikidwa positive charge, zomwe zimakoka ma elekitironi kupita ku conductor plate. Kusamutsa ma elekitironi pakati pa batri ndi conductor plate kumapangitsa kuti conductor plate yomwe imataya ma elekitironi ikhale positive charge ndipo conductor plate yomwe imalandira ma elekitironi ikhale positive charge. Kusamutsa ma elekitironi kumayima pamene kusiyana kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pakati pa ma conductor plate awiri kuli kofanana ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pakati pa ma terminal awiri a batri.
Ma capacitor amasunga mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke . Muyeso wa mphamvu ya capacitor yosungira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke umatchedwa capacitance. Mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimasungidwa zimakhala zazikulu, mphamvu zomwe zingatheke zimakhala zambiri, komanso mphamvu zomwe zingatheke zimakhala zambiri. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya capacitor ya parallel-plate?
- Malo ozungulira mbale yoyendetsera
Ma capacitor a parallel plate amasunga mphamvu zamagetsi pa ma conducting plate awo. Malo ang'onoang'ono pamwamba pa plate amatanthauza kuti mphamvu zochepa zimasungidwa; malo akuluakulu pamwamba pa plate amatanthauza kuti mphamvu zambiri zimasungidwa. Mphamvu zambiri zimasungidwa pa ma conducting plate, mphamvu zamagetsi za capacitor zimakhala zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zamagetsi za capacitor zikachuluka, mphamvu zake zimakhala zazikulu. Kutengera ndemanga iyi, zitha kutsimikizika kuti mphamvu ya capacitor (C) imagwirizana ndi malo a conducting plates (A).
- Mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera
Kusuntha kwa ma elekitironi kumayima pambuyo poti kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa mbale ziwiri za conductor kuli kofanana ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa nsonga ziwiri za batri. Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale ziwiri za conductor ingakulire bwanji? Njira imodzi ndi kuchepetsa mtunda pakati pa oyendetsa awiriwa (kuchepetsa d). Pamene oyendetsa awiriwa ayandikirana, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumakhalabe kofanana kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ikhale ndi mtengo wokhazikika. Kutengera ndi equation V = E d, pamene mphamvu yamagetsi (E) ili yokhazikika, kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (V) kumachepa ngati mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri za conductor wachepetsedwa (d).
Kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi kumachepa mpaka kufika pamlingo wocheperako kuposa kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa ma terminal awiri a batri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma elekitironi asunthenso mpaka mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale iliyonse yoyendetsera magetsi ikwere. Kusuntha kwa ma elekitironi kumasiya pamene kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa mbale ziwirizo kuli kofanana ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa ma terminal awiri a batri.
Pamene mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri za conductor wachepa, mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale iliyonse imawonjezeka kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi mu capacitor imawonjezekanso. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi mu capacitor imawonjezeka, mphamvu ya capacitor imawonjezekanso. Ngati mtunda wachepa, mphamvu imawonjezeka kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi imawonjezeka, ngati mtunda wawonjezeka, mphamvu imachepa kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa. Titha kunena kuti mphamvu ya capacitor (C) ndi yosiyana ndi mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri za conductor (d).
Equation ya capacitance ya capacitor ya mbale yofanana
Kale, zafotokozedwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wa capacitance wa capacitor wa mbale yofanana. Mtengo wa capacitance ukhoza kudziwika bwino kudzera mu kuwerengera pogwiritsa ntchito ma equation. Mu nkhani yokhudza kudziwa munda wamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Gauss, takambirana njira yowerengera munda wamagetsi pafupi ndi mbale yoyendetsa magetsi ndi E = σ/ε o , pomwe σ = Q/A kotero kuti equation yamunda wamagetsi isinthe kukhala E = Q/A : ε o = Q/A x 1/ε o = Q/Aε o . Equation yamagetsi ndi V = E d, pomwe E = Q/Aε o kotero kuti equation isinthe kukhala V = Qd/Aε o . Equation ya capacitance ndi C = Q/V, pomwe V = Qd/Aε o kotero kuti equation ya capacitance isinthe kukhala C = Q : Qd/Aε o = Q x Aε o /Qd = Aε o /d.
Kutengera ndi equation ya capacitance C = A ε o / d, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti capacitance (C) ndi yofanana ndi malo apamwamba (A) ndipo imasiyana ndi mtunda (d) pakati pa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi.
Kufotokozera kwa fomula: E = malo amagetsi, σ = kuchuluka kwa chaji, ε o = chilolezo cha malo opanda kanthu = 8,85 x 10 -12 F/m, Q = chaji yamagetsi, A = malo apamwamba a mbale yoyendetsera, V = kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi.
