Chiphunzitso cha Makhalidwe Abwino Nthawi zambiri makhalidwe abwino amamveka ngati mfundo zomwe zimathandiza anthu kusiyanitsa pakati pa zochita zabwino ndi zoyipa. Komabe, m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, zigamulo za makhalidwe abwino nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zosavuta monga "izi ndi zabwino" kapena "izi ndi zoyipa." Pali zochitika zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zochita ziwoneke ngati zabwino pazochitika zina koma zolakwika pazochitika zina. … Werengani zambiri
Lingaliro la Makhalidwe Abwino mu Makhalidwe Abwino a Deontological Makhalidwe abwino ndi chimodzi mwa mitu yofunika kwambiri mu filosofi ya makhalidwe abwino, chifukwa chimakhudza funso lakuti: nchiyani chimapangitsa kuti chinthu chikhale cholondola kapena cholakwika? Njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri poyankha funsoli ndi makhalidwe abwino a deontological. Mosiyana ndi njira zomwe zimayesa makhalidwe abwino kutengera zotsatira zake, makhalidwe abwino a deontological amagogomezera kuti makhalidwe abwino makamaka... Werengani zambiri
Tanthauzo la Nihilism Malinga ndi Nietzsche Nihilism ndi imodzi mwa mawu ofunikira kwambiri mu filosofi ya Friedrich Nietzsche. Komabe, mawu awa nthawi zambiri amamvedwa molakwika ngati "kukhulupirira chilichonse," "moyo ndi wopanda pake," kapena "chilichonse chololedwa chifukwa palibe makhalidwe abwino." Kwa Nietzsche, nihilism si kungoganiza kuti munthu ali ndi chiyembekezo, koma ndi chochitika chachikulu m'chikhalidwe cha Kumadzulo: mkhalidwe wakale pamene... Werengani zambiri
Kant ndi Chiphunzitso cha Kukongola cha Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri anzeru otchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya malingaliro akumadzulo. Amadziwika kwambiri ndi ntchito zake zazikulu mu epistemology ndi makhalidwe abwino, koma zopereka zake ku kukongola—makamaka chiphunzitso chake cha kukongola—ndizofunikanso. Mu Critique of Judgment yake (1790), Kant adapanga dongosolo lokongola lomwe linayesa… Werengani zambiri
Lingaliro la Kukhala Malinga ndi Heidegger Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri afilosofi otchuka kwambiri a m'zaka za zana la 20, makamaka kudzera mu buku lake Sein und Zeit (Kukhala ndi Nthawi, 1927). M'bukuli, Heidegger adafunsa funso lomwe adaliona ngati lofunika kwambiri koma losanyalanyazidwa kwambiri m'mbiri ya filosofi ya Kumadzulo: kodi "kukhala" kapena "kukhalapo" (Kukhala/Sein) kumatanthauza chiyani? Mosiyana ndi mwambo wachilengedwe ... Werengani zambiri
Lingaliro la Kukhala Malinga ndi Heidegger Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri afilosofi otchuka kwambiri a m'zaka za zana la 20, makamaka kudzera mu buku lake Sein und Zeit (Kukhala ndi Nthawi, 1927). M'bukuli, Heidegger adafunsa funso lomwe adaliona ngati lofunika kwambiri koma losanyalanyazidwa kwambiri m'mbiri ya filosofi ya Kumadzulo: kodi "kukhala" kapena "kukhalapo" (Kukhala/Sein) kumatanthauza chiyani? Mosiyana ndi mwambo wachilengedwe ... Werengani zambiri
Lingaliro la Makhalidwe Abwino Malinga ndi Al-Farabi. Al-Farabi (wobadwa mu 950 CE) anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri anzeru kwambiri mu miyambo yakale yachisilamu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "Mphunzitsi Wachiwiri" pambuyo pa Aristotle. Dzina laulemu limeneli likuwonetsa mphamvu yamphamvu ya malingaliro achigiriki—makamaka malingaliro ndi nzeru zothandiza—m'ntchito zake. Komabe, Al-Farabi sanangotengera Aristotle kapena Plato; anamasulira ndikukulitsa malingaliro awo mkati mwa dongosolo lomwe linali loyenera… Werengani zambiri
Kutsutsa kwa Nietzsche pa Makhalidwe Abwino Friedrich Nietzsche ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri afilosofi otchuka komanso otsutsana kwambiri m'mbiri ya malingaliro amakono. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kutsutsa kwake kolimba maziko a makhalidwe abwino akumadzulo—makamaka makhalidwe abwino achikhristu ndi cholowa cha nzeru za makhalidwe abwino zomwe zimagogomezera udindo, kufanana, ndi kudziletsa ngati makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Kwa Nietzsche, makhalidwe abwino kwambiri ku Ulaya wamakono si chinthu china… Werengani zambiri
Pragmatism ndi Chiphunzitso cha Chowonadi Pragmatism ndi imodzi mwa masukulu ophunzitsa za filosofi omwe ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri m'chikhalidwe chamakono cha malingaliro, makamaka ku United States. Cholinga chake chachikulu sichili pakufunafuna chowonadi ngati chinthu "choyera" komanso chosiyana ndi moyo, koma m'malo mwake ndi momwe malingaliro amagwirira ntchito m'zokumana nazo za anthu. Mu pragmatism, phindu la lingaliro limayesedwa ndi zotsatira zake zenizeni: ngati limathandiza... Werengani zambiri
Chiphunzitso cha Choonadi mu Epistemology Chiyambi Epistemology ndi nthambi ya filosofi yomwe imafufuza chidziwitso: chomwe chili, momwe chimapezedwa, malire ake, ndi momwe chingalungamitsidwire. Mu epistemology, kukambirana za choonadi kumakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chidziwitso nthawi zambiri chimamveka ngati chikhulupiriro choona komanso chovomerezeka. Komabe, funso lakuti "chowonadi ndi chiyani?" si... Werengani zambiri