Capacitor ingagwire ntchito ngati ma plate/ma sheet awiri a conductor sakukhudzana kotero kuti chaji yamagetsi isasunthire kuchokera ku conductor imodzi kupita ku ina. Momwemonso, kuti chaji yamagetsi isasunthire kuchokera ku conductor kupita ku mpweya, malo pakati pa ma conductor awiriwa ayenera kukhala vacuum. Mu nkhani yokhudza ma capacitor a plate ofanana, capacitance idakambidwa. Ma capacitor a mbale zofanana Ma plate awiriwa amalekanitsidwa ndi vacuum. Mphamvu ya capacitance ya capacitor mu vacuum ili ndi malire, kotero kuti capacitance yowonjezera iwonjezereke, conductor imayikidwa pakati pa ma plate/mapepala awiriwa. dielekitiriki.
Dielectric ndi chotchingira magetsi chomwe chimalekanitsa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi za capacitor. Chotchingira magetsi ndi chinthu chomwe sichingathe kuyendetsa magetsi, monga pulasitiki, galasi, pepala, kapena matabwa. Ntchito ya dielectric ndikuwonjezera mphamvu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti capacitor isunge mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi komanso mphamvu zomwe zingatheke.
Ma dielectric amawonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi imachepa.
N’chifukwa chiyani mphamvu ya capacitor imawonjezeka dielectric ikayikidwa pakati pa mbale ziwiri/mapepala oyendetsera magetsi? Kuti mupeze yankho la funsoli, choyamba kumbukirani phunziro lokhudza Chaji yamagetsiMonga momwe ma chaji amagetsi amakokerana wina ndi mnzake mosiyana ndi ma chaji amagetsi amakokerana wina ndi mnzake. Mwachitsanzo, ma chaji abwino amakokerana wina ndi mnzake. 
ndi chaji yoyipa, koma yobweza ndi chaji yabwino. Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani pulasitiki yoyipa ingakoke mapepala ang’onoang’ono omwe sali ndi chaji yamagetsi? Izi zimachitika chifukwa zidutswa za pepala zimakhala ndi chaji yowola. Ma electron omwe ali muzinthu zotetezera monga pepala sangayende momasuka ngati ma electron omwe amayendetsa zinthu. Choncho pulasitiki yoyipa ikayandikira mapepala, ma electron omwe amamangiriridwa ku maatomu amachotsedwa ku pulasitiki yoyipa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chaji yoyipa ilowe m’malo mwake ndi chaji yabwino papepala. Chaji yoyipa papepala ili kutali ndi pulasitiki, pomwe chaji yabwino papepala ili pafupi ndi pulasitiki. Kuphatikiza apo, chaji yoyipa pa pulasitiki imakoka chaji yabwino pa mapepala mpaka pepala lopepuka litayandikira pulasitiki.
Njira yolumikizira magetsi, kapena kulumikiza magetsi, yomwe imachitika papepala ndi yofanana ndi kulumikiza magetsi komwe kumachitika mu dielectric. Mwachitsanzo, monga momwe chithunzi chili kumanzere chikusonyezera, poyamba panali ma conductor plates awiri okha omwe ali ndi magetsi. Mbale yakumanzere ili ndi magetsi abwino, pomwe mbale yakumanja ili ndi magetsi oipa, kotero kuti malo olowera magetsi ndi ochokera kumanzere kupita kumanja.
Pambuyo poti dielectric yayikidwa pakati pa mbale ziwiri za conductor, mphamvu yabwino pa mbale yakumanzere imakoka ma electric omwe ali pamwamba pa dielectric yapafupi, ndipo mphamvu yoipa pa mbale yakumanja imachotsa ma electric omwe ali pamwamba pa dielectric yapafupi. Ma electric omwe ali mu dielectric, omwe ndi insulator, samayenda ngati ma electric omwe ali mu conductor. Chifukwa chake, ma electric amakhalabe omangika ku ma atomu, koma pali kugawanika kwa ma electric omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoipa ndi ma proton omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoipa, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi. Kupezeka kwa mphamvu yabwino kumbali yakumanja ya ma atomu a dielectric ndi mphamvu yoipa kumbali yakumanzere ya ma atomu a dielectric kumapanga mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatsogozedwa kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere, motero kufooketsa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale ya conductor yomwe imatsogozedwa kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Chifukwa chake mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa osati chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale ziwiri/mapepala a conductor imachepa koma chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi imawonekera mu dielectric yomwe ili mbali ina. Pamene dielectric yachotsedwa, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale ziwiri/mapepala a conductor imabwerera ku momwe inalili poyamba.
Ngati mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale ziwiri za conductor yachepa, ndiye kuti mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mbale ziwiri za conductor nayonso imachepa chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi.
Magetsi amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu yamagetsi monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu equation E = V / d, pomwe E = mphamvu yamagetsi, V = mphamvu yamagetsi ndi d = mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri. Ngati panalibe dielectric, mphamvu yamagetsi inali Vo Choncho pambuyo poti pakhale dielectric, mphamvu yamagetsi imachepetsedwa kufika pa V ndi factor ya K. Masamu, Vo = KV kapena V = Vo / K kapena K = Vo / V, komwe K = chosasintha cha dielectric. Vo > V kotero kuti K>1.
Dziwani kuti kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa ma plates onse awiri/ma kondakitala sikusintha kotero kuti ndalama yomaliza ya mphamvu ndi yofanana ndi ndalama yoyambirira ya mphamvu (Q = Q).oKusintha kwa capacitance ya capacitor kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi:
Kufotokozera kwa fomula: C = capacitance yomaliza, Co = capacitance yoyambirira, Q = cholipiritsa chomaliza, Qo = ndalama zoyambira, V = kuthekera komaliza, Vo = mphamvu yoyambira, K = chosasintha cha dielectric
Kutengera ndi equation yomwe ili pamwambapa, zatsimikiziridwa kuti capacitance yoyamba (C)o) ndi yaying'ono pomwe capacitance yomaliza (C) ndi yayikulu. Capacitance imawonjezeka ndi factor ya K, pomwe K ndiye dielectric constant. Mtengo wokhazikika wa dielectric wa chinthu chilichonse chotetezera umasiyana. Dielectric constant (K) ndi zotsatira za kuyerekeza capacitance ya capacitor pogwiritsa ntchito dielectric ndi capacitance ya capacitor pamene simukugwiritsa ntchito dielectric.
Ma dielectric amawonjezera mphamvu chifukwa mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera umachepa.
Ntchito ina ya dielectric ndikuchepetsa mtunda (d) pakati pa mbale ziwiri za conductor kuti gawo lamagetsi (E) ndi magetsi (V) pakati pa mbale ziwiri za conductor awonjezere monga momwe zanenedwera mu equation E = V / d. Ngati gawo lamagetsi ndi magetsi pakati pa mbale ziwiri/mapepala awonjezeka ndiye kuti capacitance ya capacitor imawonjezeka.
Ngati capacitor yomwe ikukambidwa ndi mbale yofanana, ndiye kuti capacitance yake imawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi:
Kutengera ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambapa, zitha kutsimikizika kuti capacitance (C) ya capacitor ya mbale yofanana ikhoza kukulitsidwa pochepetsa mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri/mapepala oyendetsera (d).
Ma dielectric amawonjezera mphamvu ya dielectric ya capacitor chifukwa mphamvu ya dielectric ya capacitor imawonjezeka.
Ma dielectric amapangidwa ndi zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe, zikayikidwa mu gawo lamagetsi lamphamvu kwambiri, zimawonongeka. Kuwonongeka kwa dielectric kumachitika pamene gawo lamagetsi lili lamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti limapangitsa ma electric kutuluka mu maatomu, pomwe ma electric awa amagundana ndi ma electric mu maatomu ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma electric ayende mkati mwa dielectric. Mwanjira ina, kuwonongeka kwa dielectric kumapangitsa dielectric, yomwe ndi chotetezera magetsi, kukhala chowongolera magetsi.
Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka, dielectric iliyonse yopangidwa ndi zinthu zina zotetezera kutentha imakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imatha kupirira, yomwe imatchedwa mphamvu ya dielectric. Mphamvu ya dielectric ya chinthu chotetezera kutentha ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya dielectric ya mpweya ndipo chinthu chilichonse chotetezera kutentha chimakhala ndi mphamvu ya dielectric yosiyana, zina zimakhala zazing'ono ndipo zina zimakhala zazikulu. Chifukwa chake ngati dielectric yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya dielectric ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ingagwiridwe ndi yayikulu ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ingagwiridwe nayonso ndi yayikulu. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi mbale ziwiri/mapepala a conductor ndi yayikulu, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ingagwiridwe ndi conductor plate ndi yayikulu. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili mu conductor plate ndi yayikulu, mphamvu ya capacitor imakula.
