Malo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Magetsi

Komanso phunzirani zokambirana za mafunso okhudza magetsi ndi zitsanzo za mafunso okhudza magetsi.

Pofuna kumvetsetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ingathe kugwira ntchito patali, lingaliro la munda linayambitsidwa. Lingaliro la munda wamagetsi linapangidwa ndi wasayansi waku Britain Michael Faraday (1791–1867).

Pengertian

Tiyerekeze kuti ndodo yagalasi poyamba imakhala yopanda magetsi. Pambuyo poyikanda ndi nsalu, ndodo yagalasi imakhala ndi magetsi. Ndodo yagalasi ikakhala ndi magetsi , munda umawonekera nthawi yomweyo mozungulira ndodo yagalasi. Ngati ndodo yagalasi imakhala yopanda magetsi, mundawo umatha nthawi yomweyo m'malo mwake. Chifukwa chake kukhalapo kwa munda sikusiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa magetsi. Munda wamagetsi si mtundu wa chinthu monga mpweya komanso si mtundu wa mafunde ngati mafunde amagetsi, koma ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi magetsi ndipo chimakhudza malo ozungulira magetsi, komwe mphamvu yake imamveka kokha ndi magetsi ena.

Kuti muyese ngati pali munda mu malo, zimaganiziridwa kuti pali mtengo woyesera mu malo amenewo. Mtengo woyesera ndi mtengo (Q) womwe ndi wochepa kwambiri kotero kuti umapanga munda wawung'ono kwambiri ndipo motero ukhoza kunyalanyazidwa. Komabe, mtengo woyesera ukhoza kumva mphamvu ya munda wopangidwa ndi magetsi ena. Mtengo woyesera ulipo kuti ufufuze ngati pali munda wamagetsi. Ngati ulipo, mtengo woyesera udzakumana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati palibe, mtengo woyesera sudzakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.

Yang'anani chithunzi chomwe chili pambali.
Mu chithunzi 1, mtengo +q₁ ndipo perekani +q₂ imapanga mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo ozungulira. Pamene cholipiritsa choyesera +q chayikidwa_o pamalo enaake, mtengo woyeserera +q_o akukumana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. F₁ ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imachokera ku mphamvu +q₁ pa mtengo woyeserera +q_o ndi F₂ ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imachokera ku mphamvu +q₂ pa mtengo woyeserera +q_oMu chithunzi 2, pamene mtengo woyesera wachotsedwa, mundawo umatsala ndipo sutha kuchokera pamenepo.₁ ndi munda wopangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi +q₁ ndi E₂ ndi munda wopangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi +q₂.

Mphamvu yamunda

Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kuchuluka kwa vekitala, komwe kumakhala ndi kukula komanso komwe kumayang'aniridwa. Mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo ena imafotokozedwa ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa mphamvu yoyesera yabwino yomwe yayikidwa pamalowo, yogawidwa ndi kukula kwa mphamvu yoyesera.
Zambiri:
E = mphamvu ya munda
F = mphamvu yamagetsi
q = kukula kwa ndalama zoyeserera
Zambiri:
Q = chaji yamagetsi
r = mtunda pakati pa chaji yamagetsi ndi chaji yoyesera
(werengani: epsilon zero) = permittivity ya malo opanda kanthu = 8,854 x 10^-12 C²/Nm²
k = Coulomb yosasintha = 9 x 10⁹ Nm²/C²

Gawo la mphamvu yamagetsi ndi Newton ndipo gawo la mphamvu yamagetsi ndi Coulomb kotero gawo la munda ndi Newton/Coulomb, mwachidule N/C.

Malangizo

 
Yang'anani chithunzi chomwe chili pambali
Yatsani Chithunzi 1a, mphamvu yamagetsi yabwino (+Q) imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi pa mphamvu yoyesera yabwino (+q), komwe komwe mphamvu yamagetsi (F) ili kutali ndi mphamvu ya +Q.
Yatsani Chithunzi 1b, pamene cholipiritsa choyesera chachotsedwa, pamalopo pamakhala munda (E) womwe mbali yake ili kutali ndi cholipiritsa chamagetsi Q.
Yatsani Chithunzi 2a, mphamvu yamagetsi yoipa (-Q) imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi pa mphamvu yoyesera yabwino (+q), komwe njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi (F) imayandikira mphamvu ya -Q.
Yatsani Chithunzi 2b, pamene cholipiritsa choyesera chachotsedwa, pamalopo pamakhala munda (E) womwe mbali yake ili pafupi ndi cholipiritsa chamagetsi -Q.
Kutengera chithunzi ndi kufotokozera pamwambapa, zitha kutsimikizika kuti komwe kuli munda kuli kutali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yabwino komanso ku mphamvu yamagetsi yoipa.

Chitsanzo cha mavuto

1. Mfundo A ili m'munda wamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo A ndi 0,4 N/C. Ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chaji ya 0,2 C chayikidwa pamalo A, mphamvu ya Coulomb ya...
A. 0,2 N
B. 0,4 N
C. 0,6 N
D. 0,7 N
E. 0,8 N
Kukambirana:
Ndizodziwika kuti :
E = 0,4 N/C
q = 0,2 C
Anafunsa :
Mphamvu yamagetsi?
Yankhani :
F = q E = (0,2 C)(4 N/C) = 0,8 N
Yankho lolondola ndi E.

2. Malo odzaza q ili pamalo A m'munda wamagetsi wopangidwa ndi mphamvu (+) kotero kuti imakumana ndi mphamvu ya 0,1 N munjira yopita ku mphamvu q. Ngati mphamvu ya munda pamalo A ndi 0,02 N/C, ndiye kuti kukula ndi mtundu wa mphamvu q ndi...
A. 5,0 C, zabwino
B. 5,0 C, yoipa
C. 4,0 C, zabwino
D. 2,5 C, palibe
E. 2,5 C, zabwino
Kukambirana:
Ndizodziwika kuti :
F = 0,1N
E = 0,02 N/C
Anafunsa :
Kodi kukula ndi komwe mtengo wa q uli ndi ndime yake ndi chiyani?
Yankhani :
Kukula kwa mtengo q:
F = q E
q = F / E = 0,1 N : 0,02 N/C = 5C
Mtundu wa ndalama Q:
Kulunjika kwa mphamvu ya Coulomb kuli kolunjika ku charge q kotero charge q iyenera kukhala ndi mtengo wabwino.