Kumvetsetsa mphamvu
Galasi laling'ono limatha kusunga madzi akumwa pang'ono, pomwe galasi lalikulu limatha kusunga madzi ambiri. Galasi lalikulu limatha kusunga madzi ambiri. Choncho galasi lililonse lili ndi mphamvu, kapena muyeso wa mphamvu yake yosungira madzi. Monga magalasi, ma capacitor alinso ndi mphamvu yosungira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Mphamvu ya capacitor, kapena muyeso wa mphamvu ya capacitor yosungira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, imatchedwa. mphamvu.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yamagetsi
Kukula kwa mphamvu ya galasi yosungira madzi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwake. Nanga bwanji ma capacitor? Nchiyani chimatsimikiza kukula kwa mphamvu ya capacitor yosungira magetsi?
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa capacitor yosavuta yokhala ndi ma conducting plate awiri olekanitsidwa ndi mtunda winawake. Asanalumikizidwe ku gwero la voltage, monga batire, ma plate onsewa sadzachajidwa. Kenako, plate imodzi imalumikizidwa ku positive terminal ya batire ndipo inayo ku negative terminal pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya.
Pambuyo polumikizidwa ku malo olumikizirana a batri, mphamvu ya batri imakoka ma elekitironi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoipa pa mbale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asunthire ku malo olumikizirana a batri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbaleyo ikhale ndi ma elekitironi ochepa (chaji yoipa) ndi ma protoni ochulukirapo (chaji yoipa), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chaji ya batriyo ikhale yoipa.
Mofananamo, pambuyo polumikiza mbaleyo ku malo oletsa kukana a batri, mphamvu yabwino pa mbaleyo imakoka ma elekitironi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yokana pa malo oletsa kukana a batriyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma elekitironiwo asunthire ku mbaleyo. Izi zimapangitsa mbaleyo kukhala ndi ma elekitironi ochulukirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu yokana kukana.
Njira yotumizira ma elekitironi pakati pa mbale ndi batri imayima pambuyo poti kusiyana kwa ma plate awiriwa ndi kofanana ndi kusiyana kwa ma pole awiri a batri.
Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale zonse ziwiri za conductor ingakulire bwanji? Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kodi chiyenera kuchitidwa chiyani kuti chiyambitsenso kusamutsa ma elekitironi? Kusamutsa ma elekitironi kumachitika pokhapokha ngati kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa zipilala ziwiri za batri kuli kwakukulu kuposa kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mbale ziwiri za conductor. Kuti kusamutsa ma elekitironi kubwerenso kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale iliyonse ya conductor ikule, batri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imasinthidwa ndi batri ina kapena gwero lina lamagetsi lomwe lili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Kusamutsa ma elekitironi kumayima pamene kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya gwero lamagetsi kuli kofanana ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya capacitor, chifukwa chake ngati kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya gwero lamagetsi kuli kwakukulu, kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya capacitor nakonso kumakhala kwakukulu.
Kutengera ndi ndemanga yomwe ili pamwambapa, zitha kutsimikizika kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikasungidwa pa mbale iliyonse ya conductor, kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mbale ziwiri za conductor kumakulirakulira. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yamagetsi (Q) imagwirizana ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (V). Ubale pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi umafotokozedwa motere:
Q α V
Kugwirizana komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa kumasinthidwa kukhala equation powonjezera nthawi zonse ya proportionality C:
Q = CV kapena C = Q / V
Kufotokozera: Q = mphamvu yamagetsi (Coulomb), V = kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kapena mphamvu yamagetsi (Volt), C = nthawi zonse yofanana, yomwe imatchedwa capacitance ya capacitor.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi sikudalira mphamvu yamagetsi ndi magetsi koma kumadalira mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mbale ya kondakitala. Umboni wamasamu wosonyeza kuti mphamvu yamagetsi imadalira mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mbale ya kondakitala wafotokozedwa m'nkhani yokhudza mitundu ya ma capacitor kutengera mawonekedwe a mbale ya kondakitala, yomwe ndi capacitor yofanana ya mbale, capacitor yozungulira dani chozungulira chozunguliraMunkhaniyi, akuganiza kuti pakati pa zidutswa ziwiri za conductor pali vacuum.
Mphamvu ya capacitor imadaliranso ndi mphamvu ya zinthu zomwe zili pakati pa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi. Zinthu zomwe zili pakati pa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi zimatchedwa dielekitirikiMphamvu ya capacitor yomwe ili ndi dielectric ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani yokhudza chosasintha cha dielectric.
Gawo la capacitance
Gawo la mphamvu yamagetsi ndi Coulomb ndipo gawo la kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi Volt, kotero kutengera equation ya capacitance pamwambapa, gawo la capacitance ndi Coulomb pa Volt (C/V), yomwe imatchedwanso Farad (F) yomwe imachokera ku dzina la wasayansi waku Britain Michael Faraday (1791-1867). Chifukwa chake 1 Farad = 1 Coulomb/Volt.
Mwachitsanzo, capacitor ili ndi mtengo wa 2 Farads, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti capacitor imasunga chaji yamagetsi ya +2 Coulombs pa mbale imodzi ya conductor ndi -2 Coulombs pa mbale ina ya conductor, pomwe mbale ziwiri za conductor zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwa Volt 1. Ngati batire ya 12 Volt yalumikizidwa ku capacitor, mbale imodzi ya conductor idzakhala ndi chaji yamagetsi ya Q = CV = (2)(12 Volts) = +24 Coulombs pomwe mbale ina ya conductor idzakhala ndi chaji ya -24 Coulombs.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Farad ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la capacitance, kotero nthawi zambiri gawo laling'ono limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe ndi microFarad, lomwe limafupikitsidwa ngati μF (10).-6 Farad) kuti picoFarad fupikitsa pF (10-12 Farad). Mawerengedwe a masamu osonyeza kuti Farad ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri akukambidwa mu chitsanzo cha mafunso ofanana a capacitor ya mbale.
