Musanaphunzire nkhaniyi, choyamba mvetsetsani mfundo zokhudza fizikisi , mphamvu zosungira zinthu , mphamvu zamagetsi , lamulo la Coulomb ndi minda yamagetsi.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yosunga malamulo
Kupatula mphamvu yokoka ndi mphamvu ya masika, chitsanzo china cha mphamvu yosunga zinthu mwadongosolo ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuti mumvetse bwino chifukwa chake mphamvu yamagetsi imatchedwa mphamvu yosunga zinthu mwadongosolo, werengani kufotokozera uku.
Tiyerekeze kuti pali ma plate awiri odzaza ndi magetsi monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi, plate yakumanzere ili ndi positive charge ndipo plate yakumanja ili ndi negative charge.n zoipa. Muvi pakati pa mbale zonse ziwiri ndi mizere yamagetsi yang kuchokera ku chaji yabwino kupita ku chaji yoyipa. Chaji yabwino ili pafupi ndi mbale yoyipa.
Kupezeka kwa munda wamagetsi kumayambitsa mphamvu yabwinoif imakumana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi mbali imodzi ndi gawo lamagetsi, kotero kuti mphamvu yabwino imakulitsidwa Kumanja kulowera ku mbale yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yoipa. Kulowera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kuli kumanja, komwe kuli njira yoyendera mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwino pa mphamvu yamagetsi. Mwa masamu, ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi W = F s = q E s, dkumene W = ntchito, F = mphamvu yamagetsi, s = mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri, q = mphamvu yabwino, E = munda wamagetsi.
Mukafika pafupi ndi mbale yomwe ili ndi vuto la kutopa, ngati ndalama zabwino ndikufuna kuterokubwereramungathe pamalo ake oyambirira ndi dekat mbale yodzaza bwino ndiye kalembedwe kanu kakufunikaar Pamene mtengo uli wabwino kusunthidwa Kumanzere kulowera ku mbale yodzaza bwino, mphamvu yamagetsi imapitirira kulunjika kumanja kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito yoyipa pa mphamvu yamagetsi. Mwa masamu, ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi W = – F s = – q E s.
Ukhama lonse lomwe mphamvu yamagetsi imagwiritsa ntchito pa mphamvu yabwino, katundu akapita kumanja kenako amabwerera kumanzere kupita pamalo ake oyambirira ndi W = q E s – q E s = 0. Ngati ntchito yonse yomwe mphamvu yachita pa chinthu pamene chinthucho chikuchoka pamalo ake oyambirira kenako nkubwerera pamalo ake oyambirira ndi yofanana ndi zero, ndiye kuti mphamvuyo ndi mphamvu yosunga zinthu. Kutengera ndi kufotokozera pamwambapa, tinganene kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yosunga zinthu.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi
Ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yosunga zinthu zakale imagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka pa chinthu chachikulu imasintha mphamvu yokoka ya chinthu chachikulu. Mofananamo, ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa chaji yamagetsi imasintha mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe mungatheke pa chaji.
Chaji yabwino mu gawo lamagetsi lofanana
Zithunzi ziwiri zomwe zili pansipa zikuwonetsa zitsanzo za ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yosunga zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Mafotokozedwe a ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yokoka amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza kuti athandize kumvetsetsa ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zingatheke.
Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanzere chikuwonetsa chinthu chikugwa. babe kupita pamwamba pa nthaka. Chinthu chikakhala pamalo okwera, chimakhala ndi mphamvu yokoka kwambiri. Chinthu chikayenda pansi, mphamvu yokoka imagwira ntchito pa icho. Njira ya mphamvu yokoka ndi yofanana ndi njira ya kusuntha kwa chinthucho, makamaka pansi, kotero mphamvu yokoka imagwira ntchito yabwino. Chinthu chikayenda mofulumira pansi, kutalika kwake kumachepa, motero kumachepetsa mphamvu yake yokoka. Pamene yatsala pang'ono kufika pansi, mphamvu yokoka imakhala pamlingo wocheperako. Tinganene kuti ntchito yabwino yomwe imachitika ndi mphamvu yokoka pa chinthu imachepetsa mphamvu yokoka ya chinthucho. Mphamvu yokoka siitayika koma imasandulika kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic, zomwe zimasonyeza liwiro lowonjezeka la chinthucho chikayenda pansi.
Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja chikuwonetsa mphamvu yoyipa.f ili pafupi ndi mbale yochajidwa bwino. Ikakhala pafupi ndi mbale yochajidwa bwino, mphamvu yamagetsi ya chaji imakhala pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Kupezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mbale ziwiri kumapangitsa kuti chajiyo ifulumizitsidwe ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera mbale yokhala ndi chaji yabwino kupita ku mbale yokhala ndi chaji yoipa. katunduyo akupita kumanjamphamvu yamagetsi komanso mbali yomweyo monga Kusuntha kwa chaji kuli kumanja, kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi igwire ntchito yabwino. Pamene mukuyenda Kumanja, mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka mphamvu imawonjezeka pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa. Ikafika pafupi ndi mbale yoyaka molakwika, mphamvu yamagetsi ya mphamvu ya mphamvuyo imakhala pamtengo wake wocheperako. Tinganene kuti ntchito yabwino yomwe yachitika ndi mphamvu zamagetsi pa katundu, kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ingatheke pa chaji. Sm'malo mwake, jika choyimitsa chabwino chimabwezeretsedwa pamalo ake oyambirira kenako njira yotumizira ndalama ili kumanzere, moyang'anizana ndi njira mphamvu yamagetsi kumanjanChifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi ili mbali ina, imagwira ntchito yoyipa pa mphamvu yabwino. Pamene ikupita kumanzere, mphamvu yamagetsi imawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, zitha kunenedwa kuti ntchito yoyipa yomwe imachitika ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa mphamvu yamagetsi imawonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi ya mphamvu yamagetsi.
Mphamvu yoipa mu gawo lamagetsi lofanana
Mosiyana ndi ma positive charges, ma negative charges ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi akakhala pafupi ndi mbale yoyaka moto ndi mphamvu yochepa yamagetsi akakhala pafupi ndi mbale yoyaka moto. Mwachibadwa, ma charges amagetsi amasuntha kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa, kotero ma negative charges amasunthanso kuchokera ku mbale yoyaka moto kupita ku mbale yoyaka moto. Njira yoyendetsera ma negative charge ili kumanzere, pomwe njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ili kumanja, kotero mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito yoyipa. Mukasuntha kupita kumanzere, mphamvu yamagetsi ya negative charge imachepa ndipo imakhala ndi mtengo wocheperako pamene negative charge ifika pafupi ndi mbale yoyaka moto. Titha kunena kuti ntchito yoyipa yomwe imachitika ndi mphamvu yamagetsi imachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi ya negative charge. Mphamvu yamagetsi simatayika koma imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi liwiro lowonjezeka la charge pamene mukupita ku mbale yoyaka moto.
Mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda wamagetsi wofanana
Mphamvu yamagetsi ya chaji ikakhala pamalo enaake siidziwika. Komabe, ngati chajiyo isuntha kuchokera pamalo ena kupita kwina, kusintha kwa mphamvu yake yamagetsi kumatha kudziwika. Chifukwa chake, chofunikira ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (ΔEP).
Poyerekeza, mango ikakhala pa tsinde lake, mango imakhala ndi mphamvu. mphamvu yokoka koma mtengo wake sungadziwike. Ngati mango yafulumizitsidwa kupita pansi ndi mphamvu yokoka, ndiye kuti kuchepetsa Mphamvu yokoka ya chipatso cha mango ikhoza kudziwika powerengera pogwiritsa ntchito fomula W = ΔEP = mgh, pomwe m = kulemera, g = kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka, h ndi mtunda pakati pa tsinde la mango ndi pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mofananamo, kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya chaji kumadziwika pamene chajiyo ikufulumizitsidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera pamalo ena kupita kwina. Monga tafotokozera kale, ngati chaji yabwino yasuntha kuchokera pa mbale yodzaza bwino kupita ku mbaleyo imakhala ndi chaji yoyipa kenako kuchepetsa Mphamvu yamagetsi ya mphamvu ya mphamvu imawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula W = ΔEP = q E s, komwe q = chaji yamagetsi, E = munda wamagetsi ndi s ndi mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri kapena mtunda pakati pa malo amodzi ndi ena. Momwemonso, ngati chaji yoyipa isuntha kuchokera pa mbale yoyipa kupita ku mbale yoyipa ndiye kuti wonjezani Mphamvu yamagetsi ya mphamvu yoipa imawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula W = ΔEP = q E s.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ya ma point awiri
Kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi sikumangochitika ndi ma charges omwe ali mu gawo lamagetsi lofanana, komanso m'munda wamagetsi womwe umapangidwa ndi chaji imodzi yamagetsi. Tiyerekeze kuti pali chaji imodzi Q yomwe imapanga gawo lamagetsi ndipo chaji q ili patali r kuchokera pa chaji Q.
Zambiri: k (chosasinthika cha Coulomb) = 9 x 109 Nm2/C2, Q = mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapanga munda wamagetsi, q = mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imasunthika m'munda wamagetsi wopangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi Q, s = r = mtunda wa cholipiritsa q kuchokera pa cholipiritsa Q.
Ngati ma charge onse awiri ali ndi chizindikiro chomwecho, + kapena – , ndiye kuti ma charge awiriwa amatsutsana kapena kusunthana kuti kusintha kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke kukhale kwabwino (mphamvu zamagetsi zimawonjezeka). Izi zikufanana ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikuyenda mmwamba kuchokera padziko lapansi kotero kuti kutalika kwake ndi mphamvu yokoka zimawonjezeka. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati ma charge awiriwa ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, ma charge awiriwa amakokana kapena kuyandikirana kotero kuti kusintha kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke kukhale koipa (mphamvu zamagetsi zimachepa). Izi zikufanana ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikuyenda pansi kupita ku dziko lapansi kotero kuti kutalika kwake ndi mphamvu yokoka zimachepa.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yosasintha, kotero mawonekedwe a njira ya mphamvu sakhudza kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Chomwe chimakhudza kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi malo oyambira ndi omaliza a mphamvu.
Mu mutu wotsatira tidzawunikanso mphamvu yamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa thupi komwe kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.
