Taitara: Whakamātautau Whakawhiti: Te Mārama ki te Ariā me tōna Whakamahinga
I te ao pūtaiao me te rangahau, he maha ngā wā ka kōrerohia te kupu "whakamana-whakawhiti". E mōhiotia whānuitia ana tēnei tikanga i waenga i ngā kairangahau raraunga me ngā kaimahi, inā koa i roto i ngā mara o te ako mīhini me ngā tatauranga, nā tōna kaha ki te whakarato i ngā whakatau tata tika mō te mahi tauira i runga i ngā raraunga kāore i kitea i mua. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou te ariā o te whakamana-whakawhiti, ngā momo whakamana-whakawhiti e whakamahia whānuitia ana, me ōna painga me ngā wero.
Te Māramatanga Taketake o te Whakamātautau Whakawhiti
Ko te tikanga, ko te whakamātautau whakawhiti he tikanga hei aromatawai i te pai o te mahi a te tauira matapae ki ngā raraunga kāore i kitea. Ko te whakaaro matua ko te wehewehe i ngā raraunga kia rua ngā huinga iti: tētahi hei whakangungu i te tauira, tētahi hei whakamātautau. Ko te whāinga o tēnei huarahi kia kore te tauira e rapu noa i ngā tauira i roto i ngā raraunga mōhio engari ka taea te whakawhānui ki ngā raraunga hou.
He tino whai hua tēnei tikanga mō te ako mīhini nā te mea ka āwhina i te ārai i te raru o te overfitting, ina uru rawa te tauira ki ana raraunga whakangungu, ā, kāore e pai te mahi ki ngā raraunga hou.
Ngā Momo Whakamātautau Whakawhiti
He maha ngā momo whakamātautau whakawhiti ka taea te whakamahi i runga i ngā āhuatanga o ngā raraunga me ngā hiahia rangahau, tae atu ki:
1. Whakamana-Whakawhiti K-Fold
I tēnei tikanga, ka wehea ngā raraunga kia rite ki ngā wāhanga 'k' (ngā kopa). Ko te tukanga he whakahou i ngā wā 'k' o te tauira, me ia whakahou ka whakamahia tētahi wāhanga hei raraunga whakamātautau, ko te toenga hei raraunga whakangungu. Hei whakamutunga, ka toharitehia ngā hua o ngā whakahou katoa hei whakarato i tētahi whakatau tata mō te mahi a te tauira. Koinei tētahi o ngā tikanga rongonui nā tōna taurite i waenga i te pānga me te rerekētanga.
2. Whakamana Whakawhiti Waiho-Kotahi-Waho (LOOCV)
He take motuhake a LOOCV mō te whakamana whakawhiti-k-fold, ina rite te maha o ngā huinga iti ki te maha o ngā pūwāhi raraunga (k = n). Ka noho ko ia kitenga hei huinga raraunga whakamātautau kotahi, ā, ko te toenga hei raraunga whakangungu. Ahakoa e whakarato ana i ngā whakatau tata mahi tairongo, ka nui te utu tātai a LOOCV, inā koa mō ngā huinga raraunga nui.
3. Whakamana Whakawhiti K-Fold Papatipu
Ko te whakarōpūtanga he tikanga e whakamahia ana ina he koretake te tohatoha i roto i ngā akomanga ūnga. Mō te whakarōpūtanga, kei roto i ia kopa i roto i te raupapatanga k-fold he tohatoha akomanga ōrite, he mea nui tēnei mō te whakarōpūtanga taurite.
4. Whakamana Tauira-iti Matapōkere Anō
E mōhiotia ana i ētahi wā ko te Whakamanatanga Whakawhiti Monte Carlo, ko tēnei tikanga he pupuri matapōkere auau. Ka wehea matapōkeretia ngā raraunga ki ngā raraunga tereina me ngā raraunga whakamātautau, ā, ka whakahokia tēnei tukanga i ngā wā maha hei whakarato i ngā whakatau tata mahi. Ko te painga o tēnei tikanga ko te ngāwari ki te whiriwhiri i ngā ōwehenga tereina/whakamātautau, ahakoa ka hua pea he wehewehenga raraunga ōrite i ngā tukuruatanga maha.
Ngā Painga o te Whakamātautau Whakawhiti
Ko ētahi o ngā painga matua o te tirotiro whakawhiti ko:
– Aromatawai Whānui: Ka āwhina i te whakarite kia taea te whakawhanui i te mahi a te tauira i runga i ngā raraunga whakangungu ki ngā raraunga hou, kāore anō kia kitea. He mea nui tēnei kia whiwhi ai i tētahi tauira pono.
– Te Whakatūnga o ngā Tawhā Hirahira: I roto i te maha o ngā rauropi ako mīhini, he maha ngā tawhā hirara me whakatū. Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamātautau whakawhiti hei kimi i te huinga tino pai o ngā tawhā hirara mā te whakamātautau i ngā huinga rerekē i runga i ngā raraunga tiritahi.
– Whakataurite Tauira: He āwhina ki te whakataurite i ngā tauira, i ngā rauropi rānei, me te whiriwhiri i te mea pai rawa atu i runga i tā rātou mahi toharite i runga i ngā huinga raraunga rerekē.
Ngā Wero i roto i te Whakamātautau Whakawhiti
Ahakoa ōna painga maha, ka ara ake ētahi wero i te whakamahi i te tirotiro whakawhiti:
– Te Utu Tātari: Ko ētahi tikanga whakamātautau whakawhiti, pērā i te LOOCV, he tino utu nui te wā me ngā rauemi rorohiko, nā te mea me whakangungu anō te tauira i ngā wā maha.
– Te taunga nui ki ngā takai iti: Mena he nui rawa te maha o ngā takai (hei tauira, e tata ana ki te LOOCV), tera pea ka tīmata te tauira ki te taunga nui ki ia huinga iti, ina koa mena he iti kē te huinga raraunga taketake.
– Te Hototahi ki ngā Hanganga Raraunga: Kāore e tika ana ngā momo whakamātautau whakawhiti-wāhanga katoa mō ngā momo raraunga katoa. Hei tauira, mō ngā raraunga raupapa-wā, me wehewehe ngā raraunga kia mau tonu te raupapa wā kia whiwhi ai i ngā hua tika.
Ngā Whakamahinga Ao Tūturu o ngā Whakamātautau Whakawhiti
1. Whakarōpūtanga Hauora:
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te whakamana-whakawhiti i roto i te whakawhanaketanga o ngā tauira tātaritanga hei tirotiro i ngā tūroro i runga i ngā raraunga haumanu. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia pono te tauira ina whakamahia ki ngā tūroro mai i ngā wāhi rerekē, i ngā wā rerekē rānei.
2. Te Utu o te Whare:
Ka taea te hanga tauira matapae utu whare mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te tauwāhi, te rahi, me te momo whare. Mā te tirotiro-whakawhiti ka āwhina i te whakarite i te pono o te tauira puta noa i ngā mākete rerekē.
3. Tātaritanga o ngā kare ā-roto:
I roto i te Tukatuka Reo Taiao (NLP), ka whakamahia te whakamana-whakawhiti hei aromatawai i ngā tauira e whakarōpū ana i ngā whakaaro o te marea ki ngā kare ā-roto pai, kino rānei i runga i ngā raraunga tuhinga pāpāho pāpori, i ngā arotake hua rānei.
4. Ngā Matapae mō te Tahae Moni ā-Mārama i roto i te Ahumahi Pūtea:
I roto i te tātari matapae i ngā raruraru pūtea, i ngā mahi tinihanga rānei, ka taea e te tirotiro whakawhiti te āwhina i te hanga tauira e kitea ai ngā tauira e tohu ana i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, i ngā mahi tinihanga rānei.
Whakamutunga
He tikanga nui te whakamātautau whakawhiti i roto i te tukanga hanga tauira matapae pono. Mā te āwhina i te aromatawai i te whakawhanuitanga tauira, te whakatikatika i ngā tawhā nui, me te whakatairite i ngā rauropi, ka whakanuia e tēnei tikanga te hiranga o te whai i tētahi huarahi tika me te whai hua ki te tātari raraunga. Ahakoa he wero kei roto, me te whai whakaaro me te mārama tika ki ngā huinga raraunga e whakamahia ana, ka taea e te whakamātautau whakawhiti te noho hei rerenga mahi rangahau whai hua.
Hei whakamutunga, me whai whakaaro ia kairangahau, ia kaimahi raraunga rānei ki te whakatinana i te manatoko whakawhiti i roto i tā rātou keehi kia pai ake ai te whakatau kaupapa e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga, kia pono ake ai hoki ngā hua.
