Porowhita Whakarara
He ariā taketake ngā ara iahiko whakarara i roto i te hangarau hiko me te hangarau hiko. Ahakoa he maha ngā wā ka warewarehia ki te whakataurite ki ngā ara iahiko raupapa, he mea nui ngā āhuatanga me ngā tono a ngā ara iahiko whakarara i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko me te hikohiko. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou te whakamāramatanga, ngā āhuatanga, ngā tātaitanga, me ngā tono o ngā ara iahiko whakarara i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Porowhita Whakarara
Ko te ara iahiko whakarara he ara iahiko hiko e honoa ana ngā wāhanga ki te taha whakarara. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, e rua ngā pito o ia wāhanga e hono tika ana ki tētahi pūtake hiko, ki tētahi pūtake iahiko rānei. I roto i tētahi ara iahiko whakarara, ka wehea te iahiko ki ētahi ara, ā, ka whiwhi ia wāhanga i te hiko ōrite.
Kauwhata Porowhita Whakarara
Hei mārama ake, me titiro tātou ki tētahi hoahoa māmā o tētahi ara iahiko whakarara:
""
(R1)
V ——( )—->
|
| (R2)
|—-( )—->
|
| (Rn)
|—-( )-—–>
""
Kei runga ake nei he whakaaturanga o tētahi ara iahiko whakarara me ētahi ātete (R1, R2,…,Rn) e honoa whakarara ana. Ka tukuna he ngaohiko V ki ia ātete i te pūwāhi kotahi, kia whiwhi ai ia ātete i te ngaohiko V ōrite.
Ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Porowhita Whakarara
Anei ētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā ara iahiko whakarara:
1. Ngaohiko Pūmau
I roto i tētahi ara iahiko whakarara, he rite te ngaohiko o ia wāhanga (hei tauira, he ātete, he pūnga rānei) ki te ngaohiko pūtake. Ko te ngaohiko e whiwhihia ana e tētahi wāhanga he rite tonu ki te ngaohiko e whiwhihia ana e ētahi atu wāhanga.
2. Rere o te Iahiko Wehewehe
Ka wehea te iahiko e rere ana i roto i tētahi ara iahiko whakarara ki ngā ara katoa. Ko te iahiko katoa e wehe atu ana i te pūtake ko te tapeke o ngā iahiko e rere ana i roto i ia wāhanga. Ka taea tēnei te whakaatu i roto i te whārite:
\[ I_{katoa} = I_{1} + I_{2} + … + I_{n} \]
ko \(I_{total}\) te iahiko katoa mai i te pūtake, ā, ko \(I_{1}, I_{2}, …, I_{n}\) ngā iahiko e rere ana i roto i ia wāhanga.
3. Ātete Katoa
He uaua ake te tatau i te ātete katoa i roto i te ara iahiko whakarara i tērā i roto i te ara iahiko raupapa. Ko te ātete katoa (R_total) i roto i te ara iahiko whakarara ko te whakahurihuri o te tapeke o ngā whakahurihuri o ia ātete (R_n) i roto i te ara iahiko:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{tapeke}} = \frac{1}{R_{1}} + \frac{1}{R_{2}} + … + \frac{1}{R_{n}} \]
Nō reira, he iti iho te ātete katoa i roto i te ara iahiko whakarara i ia ātete takitahi o te ara iahiko.
4. Rerekētanga Ngaohiko
I roto i tētahi ara iahiko whakarara, he ōrite te rerekētanga o te ngaohiko puta noa i ia peka o te ara iahiko. Koinei tētahi o ngā painga matua e whakamahia whānuitia ai ngā ara iahiko whakarara i roto i ngā tono hiko o ia rā.
5. Te Rahunga o tētahi o ngā Wāhanga
Ki te kore e rahua, ki te pakaru rānei tētahi wāhanga o te ara iahiko whakarara (hei tauira, ka whati), ka haere tonu te mahi a ngā wāhanga kē atu. Nā te mea ka taea tonu e ngā ara kē atu te kawe i te iahiko me te kore e pāngia e te whati o te ara kotahi.
Tātaitanga Porowhita Whakarara
Hei mārama ake i tēnei ariā, me titiro tātou ki tētahi tauira tātaitanga māmā. Me kī he ara iahiko whakarara tā tātou kei roto ko ngā ātete e toru me ngā uara ātete e whai ake nei:
– R1 = 10 Ω
– R2 = 20 Ω
– R3 = 30 Ω
Ka kitea e tātou te ātete katoa (R_total) o tēnei ara iahiko whakarara.
Tuatahi, ka tatauhia e mātou te whakahurihanga o ia ātete:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{1}} = \frac{1}{10} = 0.1 \]
\[ \frac{1}{R_{2}} = \frac{1}{20} = 0.05 \]
\[ \frac{1}{R_{3}} = \frac{1}{30} = 0.0333 \]
Kātahi ka tāpirihia e mātou ngā uara whakamuri katoa:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{katoa}} = 0.1 + 0.05 + 0.0333 = 0.1833 \]
Hei whakamutunga, ka tatauhia e mātou te uara ātete katoa mā te tango i te whakamuri o te tapeke:
\[ R_{katoa} = \frac{1}{0.1833} \approx 5.46 \: Ω \]
Nō reira, ko te ātete katoa o tēnei ara iahiko whakarara he tata ki te 5.46 Ω.
Ngā Taupānga Porowhita Whakarara
E whakamahia ana ngā ara iahiko whakarara i roto i ngā momo mahi o ia rā me ngā mahi ahumahi nā te mea he pai ki a rātou te whakarato i te ngaohiko pumau me te pono nui. Anei ētahi tauira o ā rātou mahi:
1. Rama Kāinga
Ko ngā rama o te whare he mea hono whakarara. Mā tēnei ka taea e ia rama te whiwhi i te ngaohiko ōrite, nō reira, ahakoa mate tetahi rama, ka taea tonu e ētahi atu te mahi.
2. Pūnaha Hiko i roto i ngā Waka
Ka whakamahia hoki e te pūnaha hiko o te motuka he ara iahiko whakarara hei whakarite kia ōrite te ngaohiko o ia wāhanga pēnei i ngā rama, te hauhautanga, me te reo irirangi, ā, ka haere tonu te mahi ahakoa kua pakaru tētahi o ngā wāhanga.
3. Te Whare Hiko
He maha ngā wā ka honoa ngā mīhini whakaputa hiko i roto i ngā tipu hiko kia piki ake ai te kaha katoa, kia pai ake ai hoki te pono. Mēnā ka pakaru tētahi mīhini whakaputa hiko, ka taea tonu e ētahi atu te mahi.
4. Taputapu Hiko
Ka whakamahia e ngā taputapu hiko pēnei i ngā rorohiko me ngā waea pūkoro ngā ara iahiko whakarara hei whakarite kia ōrite te mana o ngā wāhanga matua, kia haere tonu ai te mahi pai.
5. Whatunga Hiko o te Rā
I roto i ngā pūnaha hiko o te rā, ka honoa ngā panera hiko o te rā kia rite ki te tere o te whakaputa hiko, kia nui ake ai te hiko e tukuna ana i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
Whakamutunga
He ariā nui ngā ara iahiko whakarara i roto i te hangarau hiko me te hangarau hiko. Mā te mārama ki ō rātou āhuatanga me ngā tātaitanga, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i ō rātou painga ki te waihanga i ngā pūnaha hiko whai hua me te pono. Mai i te rama kāinga ki ngā pūnaha hiko ahumahi uaua, ka tukuna e ngā ara iahiko whakarara te ngāwari me te pono e tino hiahiatia ana i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tono. Mā te māramatanga pakari ki ngā ara iahiko whakarara, ka taea e tātou te whakawhanake tonu i ngā hangarau me ngā pūnaha pai ake mō te heke mai.
