Tauira o ngā Pātai mō te Kaha o te Au Hiko
He ariā taketake te au hiko i roto i te ahupūngao e tino hira ana kia mārama, inā koa i roto i te horopaki o ngā ara iahiko hiko. Ko te au hiko, e tohuhia ana e te tohu \(I\), e tautuhia ana ko te nui o te utu hiko e rere ana i roto i tētahi pūwāhi i roto i tētahi ara iahiko mō ia wae wā. Ko te wae o te au hiko ko te Ampere (A), ko te 1 Ampere he ōrite ki te 1 Coulomb o te utu e rere ana i ia hekona. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ētahi tauira raruraru e pā ana ki te au hiko me pēhea te whakaoti i aua raruraru.
Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Kaha o te Iahiko
I mua i te urunga atu ki ngā tauira pātai, me arotake poto tātou i te ariā taketake o te iahiko hiko. Ka taea te whakatakoto i te iahiko hiko penei:
\[ I = \frac{Q}{t} \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te iahiko hiko (A) te \(I\),
– Ko te \(Q\) te nui o te utu hiko e rere ana (C),
– Ko te (s) te wā e hiahiatia ana.
Hei tāpiritanga, he mea nui anō hoki te ture a Ohm i roto i te horopaki o te kaha o te iahiko, e kīia ana penei:
\[ V = I \cdot R \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te ngaohiko (V) te \(V),
– Ko te iahiko hiko (A) te \(I\),
– Ko te ātete hiko (Ω) te \(R\).
Tauira Pātai 1: Te Tatau i te Kaha o te Au
Pātai: Ka rere te utu hiko o te 10 Coulomb i roto i tētahi waea mō te 5 hēkona. Tātaihia te iahiko e rere ana i roto i te waea.
Otinga:
Ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i te tātai taketake mō te kaha o te iahiko hiko:
\[ I = \frac{Q}{t} \]
Tāuruhia ngā uara \(Q\) me \(t\):
\[ I = \frac{10}{5} \]
\[ I = 2 \, \kuputuhi{A} \]
Nō reira, ko te iahiko e rere ana i roto i te waea he 2 Amperes.
Tauira Pātai 2: Te Whakamahi i te Ture a Ohm
Pātai: Kua honoa tētahi ātete me te ātete o te 50 Ω ki tētahi pūtake ngaohiko 10 V. Tātaihia te ia e rere ana i roto i te ātete.
Otinga:
Ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i te ture a Ohm hei tatau i te iahiko:
\[ I = \frac{V}{R} \]
Tāuruhia ngā uara \(V\) me \(R\):
\[ I = \frac{10}{50} \]
\[ I = 0.2 \, \kuputuhi{A} \]
Nō reira, ko te iahiko e rere ana i roto i te ātete he 0.2 Amperes.
Tauira Pātai 3: Ara iahiko raupapa
Pātai: E toru ngā ātete, ia ātete he 10 Ω, 20 Ω, me te 30 Ω, kua honoa raupapatia, ā, kua honoa ki tētahi pūtake ngaohiko 60 V. Tātaihia te ia e rere ana i roto i te ara iahiko.
Otinga:
I roto i te ara iahiko raupapa, ko te ātete katoa (\(R_{total}\)) ko te tapeke o ngā ātete katoa:
\[ R_{katoa} = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 \]
\[ R_{katoa} = 10 + 20 + 30 \]
\[ R_{tapeke} = 60 \, \text{Ω} \]
Whakamahia te ture a Ohm hei tatau i te iahiko:
\[ I = \frac{V}{R_{katoa}} \]
\[ I = \frac{60}{60} \]
\[ I = 1 \, \kuputuhi{A} \]
Nō reira, ko te iahiko e rere ana i roto i te ara iahiko he 1 Ampere.
Tauira Pātai 4: Porowhita Whakarara
Pātai: E rua ngā ātete, ko te ātete o ia ātete he 40 Ω me te 60 Ω, e honoa ana i te taha whakarara, ā, e honoa ana ki tētahi pūtake ngaohiko 24 V. Tātaihia te ia e rere ana i roto i ia ātete.
Otinga:
I roto i tētahi ara iahiko whakarara, he ōrite te ngaohiko puta noa i ia ātete, arā, 24 V. Whakamahia te ture a Ohm mō ia ātete:
Mō te ātete 40 Ω:
\[ I_1 = \frac{V}{R_1} \]
\[ I_1 = \frac{24}{40} \]
\[ I_1 = 0.6 \, \kuputuhi{A} \]
Mō te ātete 60 Ω:
\[ I_2 = \frac{V}{R_2} \]
\[ I_2 = \frac{24}{60} \]
\[ I_2 = 0.4 \, \kuputuhi{A} \]
Nō reira, ko te ia e rere ana i roto i te ātete 40 Ω he 0.6 Amperes, ā, mā roto i te ātete 60 Ω he 0.4 Amperes.
Tauira Pātai 5: Te Whakamahi i te Ture a Kirchoff
Pātai: I roto i tētahi ara iahiko, e toru ngā peka rerekē he iahiko o te 2 A, 3 A, me te 4 A e tūtaki ana ki tētahi pūwāhi. Tātaihia te iahiko katoa e rere ana i taua pūwāhi.
Otinga:
Whakamahia te ture o ia au a Kirchoff (KCL), e kī ana ko te tapeke o ngā ia e tomo ana ki tētahi pūwāhi he ōrite ki te tapeke o ngā ia e wehe atu ana i taua pūwāhi. Mena ko \(I_{in}\) te tapeke o ngā ia e tomo mai ana, kāti:
\[ I_{in} = I_1 + I_2 + I_3 \]
\[ I_{in} = 2 + 3 + 4 \]
\[ I_{in} = 9 \, \text{A} \]
Nō reira, ko te tapeke o te ia e rere ana i taua pūwāhi he 9 Amperes.
Tauira Pātai 6: Te Tatau i te Utu mai i te Kaha o te Au
Pātai: Mena ka tukuna he iahiko 5 A ki roto i tētahi waea mō te 10 hēkona, tatauhia te nui o te utu e rere ana i roto i te waea.
Otinga:
Whakamahia te tātai taketake mō te kaha o te iahiko:
\[ Q = I \cdot t \]
Tāuruhia ngā uara \(I\) me \(t\):
\[ Q = 5 \cdot 10 \]
\[ Q = 50 \, \kuputuhi{C} \]
Nō reira, ko te nui o te utu e rere ana i roto i te waea he 50 Coulombs.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mārama ki te au hiko i roto i te ako i te ahupūngao me te hangarau hiko. Mā roto i ngā tauira i runga ake nei, kua kite tātou me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā ariā taketake o te au hiko me ōna ture e pā ana ki te whakaoti rapanga maha. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa ngā rapanga whakaharatau pēnei i te whakapakari i tō tātou māramatanga ki te ariā engari ka whakarato hoki i ngā pūkenga mahi i roto i te tātaritanga ara iahiko hiko. Mā te haere tonu ki te whakaharatau me te mārama ki ēnei ariā, ka taea e tātou te matatau ake ki te whakaoti rapanga e pā ana ki te hiko i roto i te oranga o ia rā me ngā horopaki ngaio.
