Ngā Rerekētanga i waenga i te Tipu Ōhanga me te Whakawhanaketanga
Pendahuluan
I roto i te horopaki o te ōhanga, e rua ngā kupu matua e kōrerohia pinepinetia ana: te tipu ōhanga me te whanaketanga ōhanga. Ahakoa e whakamahia whānuitia ana ēnei kupu e rua i roto i ngā kōrero o ia rā, he rerekē ō rāua tikanga me ō rāua pānga ki ngā rangahau ōhanga. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he whakamārama i ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te tipu ōhanga me te whanaketanga, me te take he mea nui ēnei i roto i te horopaki o te ahunga whakamua o tētahi whenua.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Tipu Ōhanga
Ko te tipu ōhanga e pā ana ki te pikinga o te kaha o te ōhanga ki te whakaputa taonga me ngā ratonga i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea. Ko te tikanga ka inehia tēnei tipu mā te ōrau panoni o te Hua ā-Rohe Katoa (GDP). I roto i ngā kupu ngāwari, ki te piki ake te GDP o tētahi whenua i ia tau, ka taea te kī kei te pāngia e te tipu ōhanga.
He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te tipu o te ōhanga, tae atu ki te haumi ki te whakapaipai ā-tinana, te mahi, me te hangarau. Mā te tipu ōhanga pumau ka tohu te pikinga o te rawa me te whakapainga o ngā paerewa oranga, ahakoa kāore e whakaata i te tohatoha tika o taua rawa.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Whakawhanaketanga Ōhanga
I tēnei wā, he whānui ake te ariā o te whanaketanga ōhanga i te tipu ōhanga. Ko te whanaketanga ōhanga he whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga maha o te oranga o te hapori, tae atu ki te kounga o te mātauranga, te hauora, me ngā hanganga, tae atu ki te whakaiti i te rawakore me te kore taurite o te hapori. Ko te arotahi o te whanaketanga ōhanga ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga tangata, ehara i te pikinga tauanga noa iho o te putanga ōhanga.
E whakamahia ana te Tāurangi Whanaketanga Tangata (HDI) hei tohu hei ine i te whanaketanga ōhanga o tētahi whenua. E toru ngā āhuatanga matua o te HDI: te roanga o te oranga, te mātauranga, me te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata. Mā te ine i ēnei āhuatanga e toru, ka tukuna e te HDI he tirohanga whānui ake mō te oranga o te taupori.
Ngā Rerekētanga Matua i waenga i te Tipu Ōhanga me te Whakawhanaketanga
1. Te Whānuitanga o te Ariā:
Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā ariā e rua ko tōna whānuitanga. He whaiti ake te tipu ōhanga, e aro ana ki te whakanui ake i te rahi o te ōhanga, inā koa i roto i ngā putanga katoa o ngā taonga me ngā ratonga. Ko te whanaketanga ōhanga, i tētahi atu taha, he whānuitanga whānui ake, e aro ana ki te whakapai ake i te kounga whānui o te oranga tangata .
2. Ngā Tohu Ine:
Ka inehia te tipu ōhanga mā te whakamahi i ngā tohu tauanga pēnei i te GDP me te Moni Whiwhi ā-Motu Katoa (GNI). I taua wā, ka inehia te whanaketanga ōhanga mā te whakamahi i ngā tohu tauanga me ngā tohu tauanga, pēnei i te Tāurangi Whanaketanga Tangata (HDI), te whakaiti rawakore, me te urunga atu ki ngā ratonga taketake.
3. Kaupapa:
Ko te whāinga matua o te tipu ōhanga ko te whakapiki i te putanga me te moni whiwhi ōhanga. I tetahi atu taha, ko te whāinga o te whanaketanga ōhanga ko te whakatutuki i ngā whakapainga o te paerewa oranga, te whakaiti i te rawakore, me te whakapai ake i te oranga hapori.
4. Te Tohatoha o te Taonga:
Kāore te tipu ōhanga e whakarite aunoa i te tohatoha tika o te taonga puta noa i te hapori. Engari, ko te whanaketanga ōhanga e aro nui ana ki te tohatoha tika o te taonga kia tino kitea ai ngā painga ōhanga e ngā taumata katoa o te hapori.
5. Pānga mō te Wā Roa :
Ka taea te tipu ōhanga te pumau, te wā poto rānei mēnā kāore e tautokona e ngā hanganga rawaka me te kounga o ngā rauemi tangata kua whakapaitia. He nui ake te pānga pumau o te whanaketanga ōhanga nā te mea kei roto ko ngā haumitanga ki ngā hanganga pāpori me te whakapakari kaha tangata.
Te Taunekeneke i waenga i te Tipu Ōhanga me te Whakawhanaketanga
Ahakoa he rerekē, he hononga tahi te tipu ōhanga me te whanaketanga, ā, he maha ngā wā ka haere tahi. Ka taea e te tipu ōhanga pumau te whakarato i ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana hei putea i te whanaketanga ōhanga. I tetahi atu taha, ka taea e te whanaketanga ōhanga angitu te waihanga i tētahi taiao pai mō te tipu ōhanga mā te whakapiki ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te hua, tae atu ki te auahatanga hangarau.
Heoi, i ētahi wā ka pāngia te whenua e te tipu ōhanga me te kore e tika te whanaketanga ōhanga. Ka hua ake tēnei i te kore taurite pāpori nui, ko ētahi tāngata e whiwhi ana i ngā hua o te tipu, ko ētahi e mahue ana ki muri. Nō reira, me hanga ngā kaupapa here ōhanga kia haere tahi ai te tipu ōhanga me te whanaketanga ōhanga whānui.
Whakatinanatanga Kaupapahere
He mahi nui tā te kāwanatanga ki te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa here e tautoko ana i te tipu me te whanaketanga ohaoha. Kei roto i ēnei kaupapa here ngā whakarerekētanga mātauranga kia whānui ake ai te katoa, ngā haumitanga ki te hangarau hei whakapiki i te hua, me te whakawhanake i ngā hanganga hauora me te kawe waka hei whakapai ake i te urunga me te nekenekehanga.
Hei tāpiritanga, he mea nui anō hoki kia whakaarohia ngā kaupapa here pūtea me te moni e tautoko ana i te pumau o te ōhanga whānui, ā, mā reira ka waihangahia he taiao pai mō te haumi me te tipu ōhanga. Ka taea hoki te whakaaro ki ngā kaupapa here tohatoha anō kia mōhio ai ka tohaina ngā painga o te tipu ōhanga e ngā taumata katoa o te hapori.
Whakamutunga
Hei whakamutunga, ko te tipu ōhanga me te whanaketanga he ariā motuhake e rua engari he tata te hononga i roto i te horopaki ōhanga o te whenua. He mea nui te mārama ki te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā mea e rua hei hanga kaupapa here whānui e kore e akiaki noa i te whakapikinga o te putanga ōhanga engari hei whakapai ake hoki i te oranga whānui o te hapori.
Hei ngā rā kei te heke mai, ko te wero mā ngā kaihanga kaupapa here ko te whakarite kia puta te tipu ōhanga hei whanaketanga ōhanga whānui, pumau, me te ōrite, kia whai hua ai ngā taumata katoa o te hapori. Ko te whakataurite i ēnei āhuatanga e rua te mea nui ki te whakatutuki i te ahunga whakamua ōhanga tuturu.
