Pūtaiao

He rerekē ngā taumata matotoru o ngā wai, arā, ngā wai me ngā hau. Ko te matotoru te kaha waku i waenga i ngā ngota e hanga ana i te wai. Ka mirimiri ngā ngota e hanga ana i te wai tetahi ki tetahi i a ia e rere ana. I roto i ngā wai, ko te matotoru ka puta mai i te piripono (te kukume i waenga i ngā ngota rite). I roto i ngā hau, ko te matotoru ka puta mai i ngā tukinga i waenga i ngā ngota.

Ko ngā wai wai he māmā ake te rere, hei tauira, te wai. I tetahi atu taha, he uaua ake te rere o ngā wai matotoru, hei tauira, te hinu tunu kai, te hinu, te honi, me ētahi atu. Ka taea e koe te whakaatu i tēnei mā te ringihia te wai me te hinu tunu kai ki runga i te papa pari. Ka tere ake te rere o te wai i te hinu tunu kai, i te hinu rānei. Ko te matotoru o te wai ka whakawhirinaki hoki ki te pāmahana. Ko te teitei ake o te pāmahana o te wai, ko te iti ake o te matotoru o te wai. Hei tauira, ina paraihia e te whaea he ika i roto i te kīhini, ka wai ake te hinu tunu kai matotoru i te tīmatanga ina werahia. I tetahi atu taha, ko te teitei ake o te pāmahana o te hau, ko te matotoru ake o te hau.

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Kua kite koe i tētahi rama? Ko te tumanako ka whakamahia e koe. He āhuatanga whakamere tēnei ka kitea e tātou ina mura ana te rama. Ko te raro o te wīki rama e mura ana he mea mākū tonu i te wīki rewa (i runga i te wīki). Ko te noho mai o te wīki rewa i runga i te wīki te tikanga ka taea e te rama te mura mō te wā roa. He aha te take e neke ake ai te wīki rewa ki te wīki rama e mura ana? Ka taea e tātou te kite i tēnei āhuatanga anō i roto i ngā rama.

He rite tonu ngā āhuatanga whakamere o ō tātou ao ki ngā āhuatanga e puta ana i roto i ngā kānara me ngā rama hinu. Me te mea he waewae tō te wai, e āhei ai ia ki te neke ake. Ka taea e koe te whakamārama i tēnei mā te pūtaiao? Ko tētahi ariā ahupūngao ka taea te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga e puta ana i roto i ngā kānara, ngā rama hinu, me te maha atu o ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ko te capillarity.

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Ngā Rauemi Ture a Ākirīmete

Kua kite koe i tētahi kaipuke? Ki te mea kāore anō kia kite koe i tētahi, ko te tumanako kua kite koe i tētahi i runga i te pouaka whakaata, i te ipurangi rānei. Kāore he kaipuke he nui rawa te taumaha e totohu, engari ka taea e te toka iti, māmā. He aha i pērā ai? He tino māmā te whakautu mēnā e mārama ana koe ki ngā ariā o te pōrewarewa me te mātāpono a Ākimete.

I roto i te oranga o ia rā, ka kitea e tātou he iti ake te taumaha o ngā mea e whakanohoia ana ki roto i te wai, pērā i te toka, i tō te wā kāore te mea i roto i te wai. Tērā pea ka uaua ki te hiki i te toka mai i te mata o te whenua, engari ka ngāwari te hiki i te toka kotahi mai i te raro o te puna kaukau. Nā te kaha o te pūmau tēnei. Ka puta te pūmau nā te rerekētanga o te pēhanga wai i ngā hohonutanga rerekē. Ka piki ake te pēhanga wai i te hohonutanga, ka hohonu ake te wai, ka nui ake te pēhanga wai. Ina whakanohoia he mea ki roto i te wai, ka rerekē te pēhanga i waenga i te wai i runga ake i te mea me te wai i raro iho i te mea. He nui ake te pēhanga o te wai kei raro o te mea i te wai kei runga ake i te mea.

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Rauemi Pēhanga Wai

I roto i te ahupūngao, ko te pēhanga te tikanga he kaha mō ia wae horahanga, ko te ahunga o te kaha he poutū ki te horahanga o te mata. I roto i te pāngarau, ka whakaatuhia te pēhanga e te whārite P = F/A, ko P = pēhanga, F = kaha, ā, A = horahanga o te mata. Ko te wae o te kaha (F) ko Newton (N), ko te wae o te horahanga ko mita pūrua (m² ⁾ . Nā te mea ko te pēhanga te kaha mō ia wae horahanga, ko te wae o te pēhanga ko N/m² ^. Ko tētahi atu ingoa mō N/m² ^ko pascal (Pa). Ka whakamahia a Pascal hei wae o te pēhanga hei whakahonore i a Blaise Pascal.

Ina takoto te wai, ka pā te kaha ki te mata katoa e pā ana ki a ia. Hei tauira, whakaarohia te wai i roto i te karāhe; ka pā te kaha ki ia wāhanga o te wai ki te pakitara karāhe. Nō reira, ka pā te kaha ki ia wāhanga o te wai ki ia wāhi o te ipu e nohoia ana e ia. He āhuatanga nui tēnei o te wai pūmau, te wai e takoto ana. Ina pā te kaha ki te mata o te wai, ki te wāhi kāore te kaha i te tū tika, ka pā te kaha tauhohenga ki te mata, kāore hoki i te tū tika. Mā tēnei ka rere te wai. Heoi, i roto i te ao tūturu, ka noho takoto te wai. Nō reira, i roto i te wai e takoto ana, ka tū tika tonu te kaha ki te mata o te ipu e nohoia ana e ia.

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Te mārama ki ngā wai pūmau me ngā wai hihiri

I roto i te ahupūngao, ko te wai te tikanga he matū ka taea te rere. Kua ako koe ko ngā rauemi e tūtaki ana tātou i ia rā he totoka, he wai, me he hau. Ko te kupu wai e kapi ana i ngā wai me ngā hau, nā te mea ka taea te rere o ngā wai pēnei i te wai me ngā hau pēnei i te hau. Kāore e taea te rere o ngā totoka pēnei i te toka, te rino rānei, nō reira kāore e taea te whakarōpū hei wai. Hei mārama ake i tēnei whakamārama, he pai ki te whakaaro ki ētahi tauira mai i te oranga o ia rā. Ina kaukau koe, me tino hiahia koe ki te wai. Hei tae atu ki te puna, ka rere te wai mai i te puna, ka tangohia mai rānei i te puna. Ko te wai tētahi tauira o te wai. Tērā atu anō ngā tauira o ngā wai, pēnei i te hinu whakahinuhinu, te miraka, me ētahi atu. Ka taea te whakarōpū i ēnei wai katoa hei wai nā te mea ka taea te rere mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi wāhi. He wai anō hoki ngā hau. Ka taea hoki te rere o ngā hau mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi wāhi. Ko te hau pupuhi he tauira o te hau e neke ana mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi wāhi.

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Te Mārama ki te Taumahatanga o te Mata

Ka puta te kukū o te mata nā te mea ka mārō te mata o te wai, ka hanga he āhua angiangi rite ki te kiriuhi. Ka pāngia tēnei e ngā kaha piripono i waenga i ngā ngota wai. Hei mārama ake i tēnei whakamārama, whakaarohia te whakaahua e whai ake nei. Me whakaaro tātou ki tētahi wai i roto i tētahi ipu.

Ko ngā ngota wai e kukume ana tetahi ki tetahi. I roto i te wai, kei ia ngota wai e karapotia ana e ētahi atu ngota i ia taha; engari i te mata o te wai, he ngota wai anake kei ngā taha me raro. Kāore he ngota wai kē atu i runga ake. Nā te mea e kukume ana ngā ngota wai tetahi ki tetahi, he kaha kupenga kore kei runga i ngā ngota i roto i te wai. I tetahi atu taha, ka kukumea ngā ngota wai i te mata e ngā ngota wai i ngā taha me raro. Nō reira, he kaha kupenga kei te mata o te wai e anga ana ki raro. Nā tēnei kaha kupenga ki raro, ka whakaitihia e te wai i te mata tōna horahanga mata, ka whakaitihia kia rite ki te taea.

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Ka kiia ko te whārite Poiseuille nā ​​te mea i kitea e Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille (1799-1869) o mua. E ai ki te whakamārama, ka taea te kī he wai tino pai ia wai. Kāore he matotoru o ngā wai tino pai. Ki te whakaarohia he wai tino pai e rere ana i roto i te paipa, ka neke ia wāhanga o te wai i te tere kotahi (v). He rerekē ki ngā wai tino pai, he matotoru ngā wai tūturu, ngā wai rānei e tūtaki ana tātou i ia rā. Nā te mea he matotoru ō rātou, hei tauira, ina rere ana i roto i te paipa, ka rerekē te tere o ia wāhanga o te wai. Ka tere ake te neke o te paparanga wai i waenganui (he nui te v), ko te paparanga wai e piri ana ki te paipa kāore e neke, arā, he pūmau (v = 0). Nō reira, mai i waenganui ki te taha o te paipa, ka neke ia wāhanga o te wai i ngā tere rerekē. Kia māmā ake ai te mārama, tirohia te ahua i raro nei…

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Te mātotoru o ngā rauemi me te taumaha motuhake

Kiato

Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga nui o tētahi matū ko te mātotoru. Ko te mātotoru te ōwehenga o te papatipu o tētahi matū ki tōna rōrahi. Mā te pāngarau, ka tuhia penei:

ρ = m/V

Ko ρ te reta Kariki e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei tohu i te mātotoru, ko m te tohu mō te papatipu, ā, ko V te tohu mō te rōrahi. He rerekē te mātotoru o te wai ōrite i te mātotoru o te totoka ōrite. Hei tauira, he ōrite te mātotoru o te rino, o te hukapapa rānei i ngā wāhanga katoa. He rerekē tēnei i ngā wai, pērā i te āhuarangi, i te wai rānei. I roto i te āhuarangi o te Ao, ko te teitei ake o te āhuarangi mai i te mata o te Ao, ko te iti iho o te mātotoru, engari mō te wai moana, hei tauira, ko te hohonu ake o te mātotoru, ko te nui ake o te mātotoru. Ka whakawhirinaki pea te mātotoru o te wai ōrite ki ngā āhuatanga taiao pērā i te pāmahana me te pēhanga.

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Kaupapa whakamātautau: Te Ture Tuarua o Newton

Ko te whāinga o te whakamātautau: – Ki te tirotiro i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te kaha me te whakaterenga

– Te tūhura i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te papatipu me te whakaterenga

Ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi: Ngā reriwe, te pūtake hiko, te kurupae maha-taumata, te tereina hihiri, te rekoata wā, te rīpene, ngā taumaha 50 karamu (3), ngā taura hono.

Ngā taahiraa whakarite:

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Kaupapa whakamātautau: Nekehanga rārangi tere ōrite

Ko te whāinga o te whakamātautau: – He mātakitaki i ngā mea e neke ana i te rārangi tika i te tere pumau.

– Kia mōhio ki te kauwhata whakaterenga-wā, te kauwhata tere-wā, te kauwhata tawhiti-wā

– Te tatau i te whakaterenga o tētahi mea

Ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi: Reriwe, pūtake hiko, kurupae maha-taumata, tereina hihiri, rekoata wā, rīpene, kawenga 50 karamu, taura hono.

Ngā taahiraa whakarite:

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