Te Mahi Tahi a Initonīhia i te Rohe Tauhokohoko Koreutu o te ASEAN (AFTA)
Pendahuluan
Ko te Rohe Hokohoko Koreutu o ASEAN (AFTA) he kaupapa hītori i whakatūria e ngā whenua mema o ASEAN hei waihanga i tētahi rohe hokohoko kore utu i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia. I whakatūria i te tau 1992, ko te whāinga a te AFTA he whakarei ake i te whakataetae ā-rohe mā te whakakore i ngā arai tāke me ngā arai kore-tāke, te whakanui ake i te hokohoko ā-roto-ASEAN, me te kukume i te haumitanga mai i tāwāhi. Hei tētahi o ngā mema whakatū o ASEAN, he tūranga nui tā Indonesia i roto i te whakatinanatanga me te whanaketanga o te AFTA. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga te mahi tahi a Indonesia i roto i te AFTA, tae atu ki ōna takoha, ōna painga, ōna wero, me ōna tūmanakohanga ā-muri.
Te Takoha a Initonīhia ki te AFTA
Hei te ōhanga nui rawa atu o ASEAN, he tūranga nui tā Indonesia i roto i te tukanga whakauru ōhanga o te rohe. Ko te whakapau kaha o Indonesia ki te AFTA e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ētahi kaupapa here ā-rohe me ā-rohe. Ko tētahi tauira ko ngā whakatikatika taripa i raro i te kaupapa Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT), i reira kua tino whakaitihia e Indonesia ngā taripa mō ngā hua maha. He pānga pai tēnei kaupapa here ki te whakapiki i te rahinga hokohoko i roto i te ASEAN.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, kei te kaha te whai wāhi atu a Indonesia ki te whakataurite i ngā paerewa me ngā ture hangarau hei whakaiti i ngā arai kore-taake. Mā te whai wāhi atu ki ngā hui hangarau me ngā komiti i roto i te ASEAN, ka whai a Indonesia ki te whakataurite i ngā ture ki ngā paerewa o te ao me te rohe, te whakateretere i ngā tukanga whakawātea tikanga, me te whakapai ake i te whakahaere tauhokohoko.
Ngā Painga i Whiwhi
Nā te whai wāhi atu o Initonīhia ki te AFTA kua nui ngā painga ōhanga. Nā te pai ake o te urunga atu ki te mākete i roto i te rohe o ASEAN kua huaki ake ngā whai wāhitanga kaweake mō ngā hua Initonīhia. Kua piki ake te tono mai i ētahi atu whenua o ASEAN mō ngā taonga pēnei i te hinu nikau, ngā kakahu, ngā hikohiko, me ngā hua ahuwhenua. Nā tēnei pikinga o te hokohoko kua whai wāhi hoki ki te waihanga mahi me te pikinga ake o te hua ā-rohe (GDP).
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, e tautoko ana a AFTA i te kanorau ōhanga o Initonīhia. Nā te nui haere o ngā rerenga haumitanga ki tāwāhi, kua tupu haere ngā rāngai maha, tae atu ki te hanga, te tūruhi, me ngā ratonga pūtea. E kukume ana te pumau tōrangapū me te ōhanga o Initonīhia me te ngāwari o te urunga atu ki ngā mākete ā-rohe, ngā kaipupuri moni o tāwāhi.
Ngā Wero i Pā Mai
Ahakoa ngā painga nui o te AFTA, he maha ngā wero kei mua i a Indonesia. Ko tētahi o ngā wero matua ko te rerekētanga whakataetae i waenga i ngā ahumahi o te rohe me ērā o ētahi atu whenua mema. He maha ngā rāngai i Indonesia e pāngia tonu ana e ngā take o te iti o te hua, te hangarau tawhito, me ngā rauemi tangata kore pūkenga, e uaua ai te whakataetae ki ngā hua o ngā whenua tata.
Hei tāpiri atu, kei te noho tonu ngā take tauhokohoko kore-taake hei arai. Ahakoa kua whakahekehia ngā taake, he maha ngā ture me ngā tikanga whakahaere i roto i te tauhokohoko whakawhiti-rohe ka hanga arai hou. Kei roto i ēnei arai ngā paerewa hua rerekē, ngā whakaritenga tuhinga uaua, me ngā tirotiro puhoi.
Ko tētahi atu wero ko te whakawhirinaki pea o Initonīhia ki ngā mākete ā-rohe. Ahakoa te pikinga ake o te hokohoko ā-roto-ASEAN, he mea nui tonu te kanorau mākete hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea o waho, inā koa i ngā wā o te koretake o te ōhanga o te ao, ā-rohe rānei.
Ngā Mahi hei Whakakore i ngā Wero
Hei whakatika i ēnei wero, kei te arotahi a Indonesia ki ētahi rautaki. Ko te whakapai ake i te whakataetae o te umanga ā-motu he kaupapa matua. Kei te āwhina te kāwanatanga i te whakauru i ngā hangarau hou me te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga o te hunga mahi mā roto i ngā kaupapa mātauranga me ngā whakangungu. Hei tāpiri, kei te whakaratohia ngā whakatenatena mō te rangahau me te whanaketanga i roto i ngā rāngai rautaki hei whakatenatena i te auahatanga.
Hei whakatika i ngā arai kore-taake, kei te mahi tahi a Indonesia me ētahi atu whenua mema o ASEAN ki te whakateretere i te whakataurite i ngā paerewa me ngā tikanga hokohoko. Kei te whakatinanahia ngā kaupapa pēnei i te Matapihi Kotahi o ASEAN hei whakahaere i ngā tikanga tuku iho me ngā tukanga kawe taonga whakawhiti-rohe. Kei te whakatenatena hoki a Indonesia i te mahi tahi a ASEAN mō ngā take pēnei i te tiaki kaihoko me te haumaru hua.
Ngā Tūmanako ā-Mārama
Ki te titiro whakamua, he nui ngā whai wāhitanga a te AFTA mō te ahunga whakamua o te ōhanga o Initonīhia. Heoi, ko te angitu mō te wā roa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha ki te urutau me te auaha. I roto i te horopaki o te ao e huri haere ana, pērā i te pikinga ake o te tiakitanga me te neke haere o ngā tono a ngā kaihoko, me pupuri tonu e Initonīhia te ngāwari o te ōhanga me te whakapakari i ōna turanga ā-rohe.
Ko tētahi atu tirohanga ko te whakahōhonu i te whakaurunga ōhanga mā roto i ngā kaupapa pēnei i te Hapori Ōhanga ASEAN (AEC). Ko te whāinga o te AEC he waihanga i tētahi mākete kotahi me tētahi turanga whakaputa, me te whakanui ake i te rere o ngā taonga, ngā ratonga, te haumi, me ngā kaimahi pūkenga. I roto i tēnei anga, ka taea e Indonesia te whakapakari ake i tōna tūranga hei pokapū hanga me ngā ratonga i te rohe o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti.
I ngā rā kei te heke mai, me arotahi anō hoki a Indonesia ki te oranga tonutanga. Ko ngā take taiao me te huringa āhuarangi ngā āwangawanga matua i roto i ngā kaupapa here hokohoko me te haumi. Mā te whakauru i ngā kaupapa here e pai ana ki te taiao, ka taea e Indonesia te whakamahi i te ia o te ao ki te ōhanga matomato me te kukume mai i ngā haumitanga mai i tāwāhi e aro nui ana ki te taiao.
Whakamutunga
He tūāpapa pakari te Rohe Hokohoko Koreutu o ASEAN (AFTA) mā Indonesia hei whakapakari i tōna tūnga ōhanga ā-rohe me te ao whānui. Ahakoa he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki a ia, me te rautaki tika me te mahi tahi tata i roto i te ASEAN, he nui te kaha o Indonesia ki te whai hua mai i tēnei whakaurunga ōhanga ā-rohe. Ehara i te mea ko te AFTA anake te mea hei āwhina i te tipu ōhanga engari he taputapu nui hoki hei akiaki i ngā whakahoutanga ā-rohe ki tētahi ōhanga whakataetae me te pumau. Mā te whakapakari tonu i tana whakapau kaha, ka taea e Indonesia te whai wāhi nui ake ki te whakatutuki i te tirohanga mō tētahi ASEAN whakauru me te whai rawa.
