Whero Whero: Te hura i ngā mea ngaro o ngā ngaru ngaro
Ko te pūwero whero, e kiia ana ko te pūwero-matara, he momo irahiko hikohiko he roa ake te roangaru i te mārama e kitea ana engari he poto ake i ngā ngaru reo irirangi. Ko te kupu "pūwero whero" i ahu mai i te kupu Latina "infra," ko tōna tikanga "i raro," e tohu ana he auau pūwero whero kei raro iho i te mārama whero e kitea ana e te kanohi tangata. Ahakoa kāore e kitea, he mahi nui tā te pūwero whero i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te ao hou me te hangarau.
Hītori o te Kitea o te Pūtaiao Whero
I tīmata te kitenga o te hihi infrared i tētahi whakamātautau pūtaiao i whakahaerehia e te tohunga whetū a William Herschel i te tau 1800. I roto i te ngana a Herschel ki te ine i te pāmahana o ngā tae rerekē o te mārama i roto i te whānuitanga e kitea ana, i whakamahia e ia tētahi porowhita karāhe hei wehewehe i te māramatanga o te rā ki roto i ōna tae āniwaniwa. Mā te whakanoho i ngā inemahana ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whānuitanga, i kitea e ia ko ngā pāmahana teitei rawa atu i tua atu i te mārama whero e kitea ana. Mai i tēnei, i whakatau a Herschel he momo hihi e kore e kitea e mōhiotia ana e tātou ināianei ko te hihi infrared.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Pūangi-whero
Ko te whānuitanga o te roangaru o te hihi infrared mai i te 700 nanometer (nm) ki te 1 mirimita (mm). Kua wehea te whānuitanga o te hihi infrared ki ētahi rohe: te hihi infrared tata (0,7–1,3 µm), te hihi infrared waenga (1,3–3 µm), me te hihi infrared tawhiti (3 µm–1 mm).
He rite ngā āhuatanga o te infrared tata ki te mārama e kitea ana, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka-whatu. Ka whakamahia te infrared waenga i roto i ngā mahi pēnei i te tirotiro ira me te whakaahua wera, ko te infrared tawhiti ia ka whakamahia mō ngā pūoko wera me te kimi wera.
Ngā Taupānga Hangarau Pūwero
1. Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero
He mea nui te hihi-whero i roto i te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, inā koa i roto i ngā pūnaha whakahaere mamao. Ka whakamahia e ngā mana mamao, pērā i ngā mea mō ngā pouaka whakaata, ngā tohu hihi-whero hei tuku whakahau mai i te mana mamao ki ngā taputapu hiko. Ka whakamahia hoki te hihi-whero i roto i ngā hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore tawhiti-poto, pērā i te IrDA (Infrared Data Association), e āhei ai te whakawhiti raraunga i waenga i ngā taputapu pērā i ngā rorohiko me ngā pūreretā me te kore taura.
2. Te Pūrongo Mamao me ngā Amiorangi
I roto i te mara o te mātakitaki mamao, he tino whai hua te hihi pūwhero mō te mātakitaki i te mata o te Ao mai i te wāhi. Ka taea e ngā amiorangi he pūoko pūwhero te ine i te pāmahana o te mata o te Ao, te aroturuki i ngā huringa taiao, te kite i ngā ahi ngahere, me te mātakitaki i te rangi.
3. Hangarau Hauora
He whakamahinga anō hoki te hihi infrared i roto i te ao hauora. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te hihi infrared hei kite i ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana tinana e tohu ana i te mate, i te mumura rānei. Ka whakamahia anō hoki te hihi infrared i roto i ngā tikanga pokanga taiaho, e āwhina ana te mārama infrared ki te whakaiti, ki te whakangaro rānei i ngā kiko kino me te kore e kino ki ngā kiko hauora e karapoti ana.
4. Tirohanga Po
Ka whakamahia hoki e te hangarau tirohanga pō te whero-whero. Ka mahi ngā mōhiti tirohanga pō mā te whakanui ake i te mārama whero-whero, e kitea whānuitia ana i ngā wāhi katoa engari kāore e kitea. Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea te kite mārama ake i ngā mea me ngā tāngata i roto i ngā āhuatanga pōuri.
5. Ahumahi me te Motuka
I roto i te ahumahi, ka whakamahia ngā kāmera wera whero-whero hei tirotiro mēnā he wera rawa i roto i ngā mīhini, i ngā whakaurunga hiko rānei, he tohu pea tēnei kei te puta he raruraru. I roto i te rāngai motuka, ka whakamahia e ngā pūoko waka te whero-whero hei kite i ngā arai i te taha o ngā waka, kia māmā ake ai te waka a ngā taraiwa.
Ngā Painga me ngā Huarahi o te Pūngao Whero
Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o te pūwero whero ko tōna kaha ki te kite i te wera. Ka tukuna e ngā mea katoa he pāmahana kei runga ake i te kore tino (0 Kelvin) ngā hihi pūwero whero. Nō reira, he tino whai hua te pūwero whero i roto i ngā tono e hiahia ana kia kitea te wera, pērā i te whakaahua wera me ngā pūoko tirohanga pō.
Ko tētahi atu painga ko te whānui o te wātea, te utu tika, me te ngāwari o te whakamahi i te hangarau pūwero-whero. Kua roa te whakamahinga o te hangarau pūwero-whero i roto i ngā taputapu o ia rā pēnei i ngā mana mamao, ngā kāmera haumarutanga, me ngā pūoko motuka, ā, he mea tino noa, he mea pono hoki.
Ngā Wero me ngā Here o te Pūwero-whero
Ahakoa te whānuitanga o ngā painga, kāore te hangarau pūwero-whero i te kore he wero. Ko tētahi o ngā herenga matua o te pūwero-whero ko tōna kore e taea te uru ki ngā mea totoka. Hei tauira, kāore e taea e ngā tohu pūwero-whero te uru ki ngā pakitara, ki te konganuku rānei, ka whakawhāiti i tōna whānuitanga me āna whakamahinga i roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti ahokore tawhiti.
Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te infrared hei whakararuraru i ngā pūtake wera kē atu. I ngā taiao tino wera, pērā i te umanga whakarewa, ka taea te whakararu i te tika o te kimi infrared. Hei tāpiri, ka pāngia te mahi infrared e ngā āhuatanga o te rangi pērā i te ua, te kohu matotoru rānei, ka ārai i te tuku tohu infrared.
Te Anamata o te Hangarau Pūwero-whero
I runga i ngā momo tono kua whakawhanakehia kētia, he mārama ngā tūmanakohanga mō te heke mai o te hihi pūwero. Nā te tere o te whanaketanga hangarau, e matapaetia ana ka horapa haere, ka matatau haere hoki ngā tono hihi pūwero.
I te ao hauora, kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau ki te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga tātaritanga haumaru ake, iti ake te whakaekenga mā te whakamahi i te hangarau pūwero. I te whanaketanga haere o te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ka piki ake hoki ngā tono pūwero i roto i te haumarutanga me te whakawhiti raraunga.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te pūwero whero he wāhanga o te whānuitanga hikohiko me te maha o ngā whakamahinga pea. Mai i tōna kaha ki te kite i te wera ki tōna tūranga i roto i te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, kua noho te pūwero whero hei wāhanga nui o ngā whanaketanga hangarau hou. Mā te rangahau tonu me te auahatanga, e kore e taea te whakakorekore ka tiaho ake te heke mai o te hangarau pūwero whero - ahakoa kāore e kitea.
