Histogram: Whakaaturanga Raraunga mō te Tātaritanga Hōhonu Ake
He momo kauwhata te histogram e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tatauranga hei whakaatu i te tohatoha auau o tētahi huinga raraunga. Kāore i rite ki ngā tūtohi pae, e whakamahia ana mō ngā raraunga rōpū, he mea motuhake ngā histogram mō ngā raraunga tonu. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakamāramahia e mātou he aha te histogram, me pēhea te hanga i tētahi, tōna hiranga i roto i te tātari raraunga, me ētahi tauira o tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā momo mara.
He aha te Histogram?
I tōna āhua māmā noa iho, he momo kauwhata pae te histogram e whakaatu ana i te auau o ngā raraunga tau e taka ana ki ngā wā rerekē, arā, ngā "ipu" rānei. Ko ia pae i roto i te histogram e tohu ana i te maha o ngā tohu raraunga i roto i taua wā. He taputapu tino whai hua ngā histogram i roto i ngā tatauranga me te tātari raraunga nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakarato i tētahi whakaaturanga tirohanga o te tohatoha raraunga, te rerekētanga, me ngā tauira e kore pea e kitea mai i tētahi ripanga tau anake.
Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi Histogram
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ki te waihanga i tētahi histogram ko te kohikohi i ngā raraunga tau e hiahia ana koe ki te tātari. Kia oti te kohikohi i ngā raraunga, anei ngā taahiraa hei waihanga i tētahi histogram:
1. Whakatauhia te Awhe o ngā Raraunga:
Tīmata mā te tautuhi i tō awhe raraunga, arā, ngā uara mōrahi me ngā uara mōkito.
2. Kōwhiria te Tau o ngā Ipu Para:
Tīpakohia te maha o ngā ipu, ngā wā rānei. Kāore he ture pakari mō tēnei tau, engari ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi aratohu, pērā i te ture a Sturges, te ture pūtake tapawhā rānei.
3. Tātaihia te Whānui o te Ipu Para:
Wehea te awhe raraunga mā te maha o ngā ipu hei whiwhi i te whānui o ia ipu.
4. Waihangahia ngā Wā:
Whakatauhia te mokowā mō ia ipu para i runga i te whānui kua tatauhia.
5. Tatauhia ngā Auautanga:
Tatauhia te maha o ngā pūwāhi raraunga e taka ana i roto i ia āputa.
6. Tuhia ngā Pae:
Tuhia he pae mō ia ipu para, e tohu ana te teitei o te pae i te nui o ngā raraunga i roto i taua wā.
Te Hiranga o ngā Histogram i roto i te Tātari Raraunga
Ehara i te mea ko ngā histogram anake e whakaatu ana i ngā raraunga mā te tirohanga engari he āwhina anō hoki i roto i ētahi āhuatanga o te tātari raraunga, tae atu ki:
1. Te Mōhio ki ngā Tauira Tohatoha:
Mā te titiro ki tētahi histogram, ka taea e tātou te whakatau wawe mēnā he tohatoha noa ngā raraunga, he pokapū rānei, he piko ki te taha maui, ki te taha matau rānei, he maha rānei ngā aratau.
2. Tāutuhia ngā mea o waho:
Ka āwhina ngā histogram ki te tautuhi i ngā uara o waho, i ngā raraunga rānei e tino tawhiti ana i ētahi atu uara.
3. Te Mārama ki ngā Rerekētanga:
Ka taea te tautuhi ngāwari i te horapa, te marara rānei o ngā raraunga mā te āhua o tētahi histogram.
4. Whakangāwari i te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero:
I roto i ngā whakaaturanga, i ngā pūrongo rānei, he taputapu whai hua ngā histogram mō te whakapuaki i ngā hua tātari ki te hunga kāore pea i te mōhio ki ngā tatauranga.
Tauira o te Whakamahi i te Histogram
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā histogram i roto i ngā momo mara, mai i te pūtaiao me te pakihi ki te hangarau. Anei ētahi tauira:
1. Ngā Tatauranga Taupori:
Ka whakamahia e ngā kairangahau taupori ngā histogram hei ako i te tohatoha o ngā tau i roto i tētahi taupori.
2. Ahumahi Hanga:
Ka whakamahia ngā kauwhata histogram hei aroturuki i ngā tukanga kounga, hei tauira, i roto i te whakahaere kounga hua.
3. Pūtea:
Ka whakamahia e ngā kaitātari pūtea ngā histogram hei tātari i te tohatoha o ngā hokinga mai o ngā haumitanga.
4. Mātauranga:
Ka whakamahia e ngā kaiako me ngā kaiwhakaako ngā kauwhata histogram hei tātari i te tohatoha o ngā kaute whakamātautau a ngā ākonga.
Me pēhea te pānui i tētahi Histogram
He tino māmā te pānui i tētahi histogram. Ko te tuaka whakapae (tuaka-x) e whakaatu ana i ngā wā (ngā ipu rānei) o ngā raraunga, ko te tuaka poutū (tuaka-y) ia e whakaatu ana i te auau, i te nui rānei o ngā raraunga i ia wā. Ko te teitei o te pae e tohu ana i te rōrahi o ngā raraunga i roto i taua ipu.
Anei ētahi o ngā kōrero matua mō te pānui i tētahi histogram:
1. Te tihi teitei rawa:
Ko te tihi teitei rawa, te tihi rānei, e tohu ana i te waenga, i te aratau rānei o ngā raraunga. E tohu ana tēnei tihi i te kukū o ngā raraunga.
2. Te Tohatoha Raraunga:
Mā te whānui o te tohatoha ka kitea tika te horapa o ngā raraunga.
3. Puka Tohatoha:
Mā te āhua o te histogram ka mārama ki te tohatoha o ngā raraunga, hei tauira, mēnā he noa, he rua-ara, he maha-ara rānei ngā raraunga.
4. Te whanonga o te hiku:
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pito o te histogram ("ngā hiku rānei") hei mārama ki te ia o ngā raraunga ki ngā mea o waho, ki ngā ia rānei.
Ngā Momo Histograms
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā histogram ki ētahi momo i runga i te tohatoha o ngā raraunga:
1. Tātaitanga Tohatoha Noa:
E whakaatu ana i ngā raraunga tohatoha noa me te tihi i waenganui, me te ōrite i te taha maui me te taha matau.
2. Histogram rua-ara:
E rua ōna tihi e tohu ana i ngā huinga raraunga motuhake e rua i roto i te tohatoha.
3. Histogram Piko-Matau:
Mēnā he hiku roa kei te taha matau, e tohu ana kei te taha maui te nuinga o ngā raraunga.
4. Histogram Piko-Mauī:
Mēnā he hiku roa kei te taha mauī, e tohu ana kei te taha matau te nuinga o ngā raraunga.
5. Histogram maha-ara:
Ko te maha o ngā tihi e tohu ana he nui atu i te rua ngā rōpū matua o te raraunga.
Pūmanawa mō te Hanga Histograms
He maha ngā pūmanawa me ngā taputapu ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga i ngā histogram, ko ētahi o ēnei:
1. Excel:
Kei a Microsoft Excel tētahi āhuatanga hei hanga ngāwari i ngā histogram mā te whakamahi i te Analysis Toolpak.
2. R:
He reo hōtaka tatauranga tino pai a R mō te waihanga i ngā histogram me ngā mahi pēnei i te `hist()`.
3. Python:
Mā Python me ngā whare pukapuka pērā i a Matplotlib me Seaborn ka taea te hanga ngāwari i ngā histogram.
4. Pūmanawa SPSS/Tatauranga:
Kei roto hoki i ngā kaupapa tatauranga ngaio pēnei i te SPSS ngā āhuatanga hei waihanga i ngā histogram.
Whakamutunga
He taputapu kaha, he ngāwari hoki te whakamahi i ngā histogram mō te tātari raraunga. Mā te whakarato i ngā whakaaturanga māmā, ka āwhina ngā histogram i ngā kaitātari me ngā kairangahau ki te tautuhi i ngā tauira, ngā rerekētanga, me ngā māramatanga whai hua mai i ngā raraunga. Ahakoa mō ngā kaupapa mātauranga, pakihi, hangarau rānei, ko ngā histogram tētahi o ngā tikanga tino whai hua mō te kawe i ngā mōhiohio tatauranga. Mā te mārama ki te hanga me te whakamārama i ngā histogram, ka taea e tātou te whakatau whai whakaaro ake i runga i ngā raraunga e wātea ana.
