Tauira o ngā Pātai Kōrero mō te Āniwaniwa
He aituā taiao ngā tsunami, he tino kaha ki te whakangaro, inā koa i ngā takutai moana. Ko Indonesia, he whenua moutere kei te Mowhiti Ahi, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia e ēnei aituā nā te mahi rū whenua i te papa moana. He mea nui te māramatanga hohonu ki te āhua o te puta o ngā tsunami, ōna pānga, me te huarahi hei urupare atu ki aua aituā. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ētahi tauira raruraru e pā ana ki ngā tsunami, hei āwhina i a mātou ki te whakapai ake i tō mātou māramatanga me te whakarite mō ēnei aituā.
1. He aha te tikanga o te kupu "Tsunami"?
Ko te tsunami he raupapa ngaru moana i puta mai i te ngangau nui i raro i te mata o te wai, pērā i te rū whenua i raro i te wai, te pahūtanga o te puia, te horo o te moana, tae noa ki te pānga o te meteorite. Ka taea e ēnei ngaru te tere tae atu ki te 800 km/h i te moana whānui, ā, ina tae ki te takutai, ka piki haere tōna teitei, ka nui te kino.
Tauira raruraru:
– Whakamāramahia te tukanga o te hanganga o te tsunami nā ngā rū whenua i raro i te wai.
– Me pēhea te wehewehe i te tsunami mai i te ngaru moana noa e hua mai ana i te hau?
Kōrero:
– Ka tīmata te tukanga hanganga tsunami ina neke ngā pereti tectonic i runga i te papa moana, ka puta he huringa ohorere ki te mata o te whenua. Ka nekehia e tēnei nekehanga he nui te wai, ka hangaia he ngaru e rere ana ki ngā taha katoa. He rerekē ngā tsunami i ngā ngaru moana noa nā te mea ka puta mai i ngā raruraru hohonu o raro i te wai, ā, ka taea te haere i ngā mano kiromita i ngā tere teitei.
2. Te Pānga o te Āniwaniwa
Ka pā kino pea ngā tsunami ki ngā hanganga, te taiao, me te tangata. Ko ngā kino ā-tinana mai i ngā tsunami ka uru atu ki ngā whare kua pakaru, te whenua kua horo, me te pakaru o ngā hanganga kawe waka me ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā tsunami te mate nui me te whara hinengaro ki ngā morehu.
Tauira raruraru:
– Whakahuatia ngā pānga pāpori me ngā pānga ōhanga i puta mai i te tsunami.
– He aha ngā pānga taiao mō te wā roa o ngā tsunami ki ngā pūnaha rauropi takutai moana?
Kōrero:
– Ko ngā pānga pāpori o ngā tsunami ko te whara, te ngaronga o te whānau me ngā hoa, me te nekehanga nui. I te taha ōhanga, ka taea e ngā tsunami te whakararu i ngā rawa me te whakararu i ngā mahi ōhanga. Ko ngā pānga taiao mō te wā roa ko ngā huringa o ngā takutai moana, te poke o te whenua ahuwhenua nā te urunga mai o te wai moana, me te whakangaromanga o ngā nohonga tūturu pērā i ngā toka korara me ngā ngahere mangrove.
3. Pūnaha Whakatūpato Moata mō te Āniwaniwa
He mea nui te mahi a ngā pūnaha whakatūpato mō te tsunami ki te whakaiti i te mate me te kino o ngā taonga. Kei roto i ēnei pūnaha te aroturuki me te tātari i ngā mahi rū whenua, me te whakamahi i ngā pūoko mata moana ka taea te kite wawe i ngā ngaru tsunami.
Tauira raruraru:
– Whakamāramahia te mahi a te pūnaha whakatūpato mō te tsunami.
– He aha ngā ngoikoretanga o te pūnaha whakatūpato mō te tsunami o nāianei?
Kōrero:
– Ka mahi ngā pūnaha whakatūpato mō te tsunami mā te kimi i ngā rū whenua i raro i te wai mā te whakamahi i ngā mita ru. Mēnā ka kitea he rū whenua, ka tātarihia ngā raraunga hei whakatau i te pūmanawa mō te tsunami. Kātahi ka aroturukihia te mata o te moana e ngā pūoko moana pērā i ngā pōito mō ngā tohu o ngā huringa nui o ngā taumata wai. Kātahi ka tukuna ngā tohu whakatūpato ki ngā taupori takutai mā roto i ngā haona, ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ētahi atu huarahi. Heoi, ko te ngoikoretanga matua o tēnei pūnaha ko te iti o te wā urupare i ngā wāhi e tata ana ki te pokapū, me te iti hoki o ngā hanganga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i ētahi wāhi tūmatanui.
4. Ngā Mahi Whakaiti me te Whakarite
Ko te whakaiti i te pānga o te tsunami me te whakarite he mahi hei whakaiti i te pānga o te tsunami. Kei roto i ēnei ko te mātauranga tūmatanui, te hanga hanganga ātete tsunami, me te whakatū huarahi whakawātea mārama.
Tauira raruraru:
– Whakahuatia kia toru ngā mahi whakaiti i te pānga o te tsunami.
– He aha te tūranga o te mātauranga ki te whakapiki i te noho rite o te hapori mō ngā tsunami?
Kōrero:
– Ko ngā mahi whakaitiiti whai hua ko: 1) Te hanga taiepa moana me ngā otaota takutai hei whakaiti i te kaha o ngā ngaru i mua i te taenga ki uta; 2) Te whakawhanake i tētahi pūnaha whakatūpato wawe pono; me te 3) Te hoahoa i ngā hanganga e matapae ana i te tūponotanga o te whakaekenga tsunami, pērā i te whakanoho i ngā whare ki runga ake i te taumata o te moana. He mea nui te mātauranga ki te whakarite nā te mea ka whakanui ake i te mōhiotanga me te mātauranga o te marea mō ngā mōrearea tsunami, ngā mahi haumaru hei mahi, me te hiranga o te whakawātea i te wā tika.
5. Akoranga Take: Te Āniwaniwa o Aceh i te tau 2004
Ko te tsunami i pā ki Aceh i te 26 o Hakihea, 2004, tētahi o ngā aituā tino kino rawa atu o te hītori o ēnei rā. I homai he akoranga whai hua mō te whakahaere me te whakarite mō ngā tsunami.
Tauira raruraru:
– He aha ngā akoranga ka taea te ako mai i te aituā tsunami o Aceh i te tau 2004?
– Matapakihia te awe o te tsunami o Aceh i te tau 2004 ki ngā kaupapa here whakahaere aituā i Indonesia.
Kōrero:
– Nā te tsunami o Āke i ako tātou i te hiranga o te whakarite, ngā pūnaha whakatūpato wawe, me te urupare tere ki ngā āhuatanga kino. Ko tētahi akoranga matua ko te hiahia mō te mahi tahi ā-ao i roto i te āwhina tangata me te hanga anō i muri i te āhuatanga kino. Ko tōna pānga ki te kaupapa here o Initonīhia ko te whakatūnga o te Tari Whakahaere Āhua Kino ā-Motu (BNPB), ngā whakapainga ki ngā pūnaha whakatūpato wawe, me te whakangungu whakawātea papatipu auau mō ngā hapori i ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te āhuatanga kino.
Te Katinga
He mea nui te mārama ki ngā tsunami me te whakatinana i ngā mahi whakaiti me te whakarite tika hei whakaiti i te mōrearea me te pānga o ngā āhuatanga kino o te heke mai. Mā te ako me te matapaki i ngā tauira e pā ana ki te tsunami, e tumanakohia ana ka pai ake te whakarite me te manawanui o ngā hapori i te aroaro o ngā āhuatanga kino ka pā mai i ngā wā katoa. Mā te mātauranga me te whakarite tika, ka taea e tātou te tiaki i te maha atu o ngā oranga me te whakaiti i ngā mate taonga mai i ngā tsunami.
