Ngā Tauira Pātai e Matapaki ana i te Hanganga Tautoko o te Whakawhiti Hau
He tukanga nui te whakawhiti hau i roto i ngā mea ora, inā koa ngā kararehe me ngā tipu. Ka puta tēnei tukanga i roto i ngā hanganga i hangaia hei whakahaere i te horapa o ngā hau pēnei i te hāora me te hauhā waro. I roto i te tangata, ko ēnei hanganga ko ngā pukahukahu te nuinga, i roto ia i ngā tipu, ka puta te whakawhiti hau mā roto i ngā stomata i roto i ngā rau. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā hanganga e tautoko ana i te whakawhiti hau mā roto i ētahi tauira raruraru me ā rātou matapakinga.
Ngā Hanganga Tautoko Whakawhiti Hau
I mua i te urunga atu ki ngā tauira pātai, me tirotiro tātou i ngā hanganga tautoko mō te whakawhiti hau i roto i ngā mea ora:
1. Ngā pūkahukahu (tangata me ētahi atu kararehe whakangote): Kei roto i ngā pūkahukahu ngā pūkahukahu, ngā pūhā, ngā pūhā, me ngā alveoli. Ko te whakawhitiwhiti hau ka puta tuatahi i roto i ngā alveoli, he angiangi ō rātou pakitara, ā, e karapotia ana e ngā uaua toto.
2. Ngā pihanga (ika): He miro ngā paparanga o ngā pihanga e whakanui ana i te horahanga o te mata mō te whakawhiti hau. Ka whakamahia hoki e ngā pihanga te mātāpono o te au whakamuri hei whakanui ake i te mimiti hāora.
3. Stomata (ngā tipu): He pūwero iti ngā stomata i te mata o ngā rau e taea ai e te hauhā waro te tomo, e taea ai hoki e te hāora me te mamaoa wai te puta.
4. Kiri (ngā amphibian): Ka taea e ētahi kararehe, pērā i ngā amphibian, te whakawhiti hau mā roto i ō rātou kiri makuku. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te horapa tika o ngā hau mā roto i te kiko kiri.
Ngā Tauira Pātai me ngā Kōrerorero
Kia tahuri tātou ki ētahi tauira o ngā pātai e pā ana ki ngā hanganga me ngā tikanga e tautoko ana i te whakawhiti hau i roto i te koiora.
Pātai 1: He aha te mahi a ngā alveoli i roto i te pūnaha manawa o te tangata, ā, me pēhea te tautoko a tōna hanganga i tā rātou mahi?
Kōrero:
Ko ngā alveoli ngā wāhanga iti rawa o ngā pukahukahu tangata e puta ai te whakawhiti hau. Ko tā rātou mahi matua he whakahaere i te horapa o te hāora ki roto i te toto me te hauhā waro mai i te toto ki te rangi. He maha ngā huarahi e tautokona ai tēnei mahi e te hanganga o ngā alveoli:
– Ngā Pakitara Angiangi: He tino angiangi ngā pakitara o ngā alveoli, he paparanga kotahi o ngā pūtau epithelial, e āwhina ana i te horapa pai ake o ngā hau.
– Te Horahanga Mata Nui: Ka hangaia he mata nui e ngā piriona alveoli i roto i ngā pukahukahu, ka taea ai te whakawhitiwhiti i ngā hau maha i te wā kotahi.
– Ngā Āputa Toto: Kei roto i ngā alveoli he whatunga o ngā āputa toto whai kiko, e kawe ana i te toto whai hāora mai i ngā alveoli me te toto whai kiko waro hauhā ki ngā alveoli.
– Paparanga Wai Angiangi: Kua pania te mata o ngā alveoli ki tētahi wai iti hei āwhina i te whakarewanga o te hau, hei āwhina hoki i te horapa.
Pātai 2: He aha te mahi a te tikanga whakawhiti hau i roto i ngā ika, ā, he aha te take e whai hua ai te kaupapa au-whakamuri i roto i te pūnaha pihanga?
Kōrero:
Ko ngā pihanga te okana matua mō te whakawhiti hau. He maha ngā paparanga o ngā pihanga, e whakarato ana i te mata nui mō te horapa o te hau. Ka horapa te hāora mai i te wai ki roto i te toto i roto i ngā pihanga, ko te hauhā waro ka horapa mai i te toto ki roto i te wai.
Ko te mātāpono o te au whakamuri te tikanga e tino whai hua ai ngā pihanga. Ko te tikanga tēnei ka rere te wai me te toto i ngā taha rerekē puta noa i ngā lamellae. Mā tēnei mātāpono ka whakanuia te pikinga kukū puta noa i ngā lamellae mō te wā roa, ka taea ai te tango atu i te hāora mai i te wai ki roto i te toto.
Ko ngā painga o te mātāpono au-whakamuri koia ēnei:
– Ka marara te hāora mai i te wai, he nui ake te kukū hāora i te toto i a ia e haere ana i roto i ngā lamellae, kia mau tonu ai te pikinga pai.
– Ka mimiti hoki tēnei mātāpono i te 80-90% o te hāora mai i te wai, he mea tino whai hua ake i ngā pūnaha iahiko tika.
Pātai 3: Matapakihia me pēhea te tautoko a te hanganga o ngā stomata i te whai huatanga o te whakawhiti hau i roto i ngā tipu.
Kōrero:
He hanganga iti ngā stomata e mahi ana hei wāhi matua mō te whakawhiti hau i roto i ngā rau tipu. E rua ngā pūtau tiaki o ngā stomata e karapoti ana i ngā pūwero, ā, ka taea te whakatuwhera, te kati rānei hei whakahaere i te whakawhiti hau.
Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga o te stomata e tautoko ana i tā rātou mahi ko:
– Te Tuwheratanga me te Katinga: Ka taea e ngā pūtau tiaki stoma te whānui, te whakawhāiti rānei hei whakatuwhera, hei kati rānei i te stoma, hei whakahaere i te wā pai mō te whakawhiti hau me te whakaiti i te ngaronga wai mā te whakapūhau.
– Te Tohatoha o te Tauwāhi: Ko ngā stomata he mea tohatoha ōrite puta noa i te mata o te rau, kia ōrite ai te whakawhiti hau puta noa i te rau.
– Te Urupare Taiao: Ka taea e ngā stomata te urupare ki te haumākū, te māramatanga, te kukū o te CO2, me te nui o te wai o te tipu. I te awatea, ka tuwhera te nuinga o ngā stomata kia uru mai ai te CO2 mō te whakaahua, ā, ka kati i te pō kia penapena wai.
Nō reira, ka whakanuia e te hanganga me ngā tikanga o te stomata te whakawhiti hau ina whakaaetia e ngā āhuatanga o te taiao, me te whakaiti hoki i te ngaronga o te wai.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mārama ki ngā hanganga tautoko me ngā tikanga o te whakawhiti hau ki te ako i te koiora o ngā mea ora. Mā roto i ngā tauira raruraru i runga ake nei, ka taea e tātou te tirotiro me pēhea te whakatutuki pai o te hoahoa koiora i ngā hiahia pākia o ngā kararehe me ngā tipu. Mā te mārama ki ēnei mātāpono, ka taea hoki e tātou te matapae i te pānga o ngā huringa taiao ki te pai o te whakawhiti hau. Ahakoa i roto i te hau, i te wai, i te mata rānei o te rau, ko ngā mātāpono o te horapa me ngā urutaunga motuhake he tūāpapa nui tonu mō te ora.
