Ngā Wāhanga o te Whanaketanga Tāone: Mai i te Nohoanga Iti ki te Tāone Nui o ēnei rā
He āhuatanga uaua, he āhuatanga hihiri hoki te whanaketanga o ngā tāone, e whakaata ana i ngā huringa pāpori, ōhanga, tōrangapū, me te hangarau. He maha ngā wāhanga e whanake ana ngā tāone, mai i ngā kāinga iti ki ngā tāone nui hou e mōhiotia ana e tātou i ēnei rā. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e tātou ngā wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o ngā tāone me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki aua wāhanga.
1. Wāhanga Whakataunga Moata
Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te whanaketanga tāone ko te whakatūnga o ngā kāinga noho tuatahi. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta ake ēnei kāinga noho i ngā wāhi rautaki pēnei i te taha o ngā puna wai, te whenua momona, te whakawhiti huarahi hokohoko rānei. I tēnei wāhanga, he iti te taupori, ā, ko te hanganga pāpori me te ōhanga e ahu mai ana i te ahuwhenua oranga me te hopu manu me te kohikohi.
Ka kitea ngā tauira tawhito o tēnei wāhanga i ngā wāhi keri whenua maha, pērā i ngā iwi awa o mua o Mesopotamia, te Awaawa o Indus, me Haina. He maha ngā wā i hangaia ai ēnei kāinga ki ngā rauemi o te rohe pērā i te uku me te rakau, ā, he iti noa iho ngā hangarau i wātea.
2. Te Hurihanga hei Kāinga me ngā Tāone Iti
I roto i te wā, ka tipu haere ngā kāinga iti angitu hei kāinga, hei tāone rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, nā te pikinga ake o te hua ahuwhenua i ārahi tēnei tipu, ā, i taea ai te nui o te kai me te tautoko i te taupori nui ake. I te pikinga ake o ngā taupori, ka puta te hiahia mō ngā whakahaere pāpori matatini me ngā mahi motuhake. I roto i ēnei ko ngā kāmura, ngā parakimete, me ngā kaihokohoko.
I tēnei wā, ka tīmata te whanake o ngā pūnaha hokohoko ā-rohe, ā, ko ngā auahatanga hangarau pēnei i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu whakarewa, te whakamakuku, me te whakangā kararehe hei kaupapa matua mō te tipu. Nā te noho mai o ngā mākete me ngā wāhi karakia i tīmata ai te huri i ngā kāinga hei kāinga whai hanganga.
3. Te Hanganga o ngā Tāone i mua i te Ahumahi
I te uaua haere o ngā whanaungatanga pāpori me te ōhanga, ka whanake ētahi kāinga hei tāone i mua i te wā ahumahi. Ka noho ēnei tāone hei pokapū hokohoko, kāwanatanga, me te ahurea. He maha ngā wā i whakatūria ai ngā hanganga pumau pērā i ngā pā, ngā whare kingi, me ngā temepara, ehara i te mea hei pokapū whakahaere me te whakapono anake, engari hei tohu hoki mō te mana me te whai rawa o te tāone.
I puta mai ēnei tāone i ngā wāhi rerekē o te ao, pērā i a Ātene, Rōma, me Tenochtitlan. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā tāone i noho hei pokapū whakahaere me te pokapū ōhanga, hei whakahaere i ngā rohe huri noa, hei kukume i ngā taupori mai i te whenua e rapu ana i ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga me te pāpori.
4. Te Huringa Ahumahi me te Noho Tāone
I pā nui te Huringa Ahumahi o te rautau 18 me te 19 ki te whanaketanga o ngā tāone. Nā te taenga mai o ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te mīhini mamaoa me te whakaputanga papatipu i whakarerekē te āhua o te noho me te mahi a te tangata. I hangaia ngā wheketere nui, ā, i tere te tipu o ngā tāone ahumahi. Nā te noho tāone nui i heke mai ai te nuinga o ngā tāone mai i ngā tāone ki ngā tāone, me te rapu mahi i roto i ngā wheketere i oati ai he nui ake ngā utu.
I pāngia ngā tāone nui pērā i a Manchester, Rānana, me Niu Ioka e te pikinga nui o te taupori. I roto i ngā pānga ko ngā huringa pāpori me te ōhanga nui, engari i puta mai hoki ngā wero hou pērā i te kīkī rawa, te parahanga, me ngā āhuatanga noho kino mō te tini o ngā tāngata o te tāone e mahi ana i te rāngai hanga.
5. Te Tipu o ngā Tāone Hou
I te rautau 20, ka tīmata ngā tāone nui o te ao ki te huri hei pokapū tāone hou. Nā ngā whanaketanga o te kawe waka, me te taenga mai o ngā whatunga motuka me te rerewē, te whānui o te hiko, me te whakapai ake i te wai me te akuaku, i tautoko i te tipu me te mahi a ngā tāone nui.
Ko ngā tāone hou e tohuhia ana e ngā whare teitei, ngā toa hokohoko, me ngā wāhi noho kua whakaritea. Kei te kaha haere hoki tō rātou tūranga hei pokapū pūtea me te ōhanga o te ao me te pikinga ake o te whakaurunga ōhanga o te ao. Ko ngā tāone nui pēnei i a Tokyo, Shanghai, me São Paulo kei te puta ake hei pokapū ōhanga me te ahurea o te ao.
6. Taone nui me nga Taone Nui
I te rautau 21, he maha ngā tāone nui kua whanake hei tāone nui, tae atu ki ngā tāone nui. He pokapū ōhanga, tōrangapū, pāpori, me te ahurea ēnei tāone i te motu me te ao whānui. Ko te tere o te tipu o ēnei tāone he mea akiaki e te ao whānui, te haumi o te ao, me te auahatanga hangarau.
He miriona tāngata kei ngā tāone nui pēnei i a Los Angeles me Jakarta, ā, he tere te tipu haere o ngā hanganga. Ko ngā wero mō ēnei tāone ko te whakahaere i te raruraru o ngā waka, te whakarato whare utu iti, te pumau o te taiao, me te whakaurunga pāpori-ōhanga o ngā taupori kanorau.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Whakawhanaketanga Tāone
He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te tāone, tae atu ki:
– Ōhanga: Ko te tipu ōhanga me te ahumahi e kukume ana i te taupori me te haumi, ka akiaki i te noho tāone me te whānui haere o ngā tāone.
– Hangarau: He mea nui ngā auahatanga o te kawe waka, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ngā hanganga ki te whanaketanga o ngā tāone.
– Ngā mahi tōrangapū: Ka awe ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga me te whakamahere ā-wāhi i te hanganga me te tipu o ngā tāone.
– Hapori me te Ahurea: Ka awe ngā whanaketanga pāpori, ngā tikanga ahurea, me te hekenga ki te āhua me ngā āhuatanga taupori o ngā tāone nui.
– Taiao: Ka taea e te whenua me te āhuarangi o tētahi rohe te whakatau i te taunga me te tauira o te whanaketanga o te tāone.
Whakamutunga
Mai i ngā kāinga iti ki ngā tāone nui o ēnei rā, ko te whanaketanga o ngā tāone he tukanga whanaketanga e whakaata ana i ngā taunekeneke uaua i waenga i te tangata me tō rātou taiao. Mā te mārama ki ēnei wāhanga ka mārama ki te tipu me te huringa o ngā tāone, tae atu ki ngā wero e pā ana ki te whakahaere me te whakamahere i ngā tāone kia mau tonu ai te mahi me te noho pai mō ngā rā kei te heke mai.
