Ngā Tauira Pātai e Matapaki ana i te Tipu me te Whakawhanaketanga o ngā Kararehe
He tukanga matua, he tukanga hono tahi te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā kararehe. He mahi nui tā rāua e rua ki te tautuhi i te huringa ora o te rauropi mai i te wā o te kukunetanga ki te pakeketanga. I roto i ngā horopaki mātauranga, inā koa i roto i te koiora, he mea nui te mārama ki ēnei ariā kia taea ai e ngā ākonga te whakamahi i ō rātou mōhiotanga i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, tae atu ki te whakaoti rapanga whakamātautau. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi tauira pātai e pā ana ki te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā kararehe, ā, ka whakaratohia he whakamārama mō ia mea.
Ngā Ariā Taketake o te Tipu me te Whakawhanaketanga
I mua i te urunga atu ki ngā tauira pātai, me mārama tātou ki ngā ariā taketake o te tipu me te whanaketanga. Ko te tipu i roto i ngā kararehe e pā ana ki te pikinga o te rahi me te papatipu o ngā pūtau, ngā kiko, te rauropi katoa rānei. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tukanga ko te wehenga me te whakanui i ngā pūtau.
I tētahi atu taha, ko te whanaketanga he maha atu ngā huringa hanganga me ngā huringa mahi, tae atu ki te rerekētanga pūtau me te whakawhanaungatanga. Ehara i te mea ka puta te whanaketanga i te wā o te kukune anake engari puta noa i te huringa ora o te rauropi; hei tauira ko te whakawhiti ira i roto i ngā pepeke.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Pātai 1: Whakaahuahia ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga o te poroka mai i te hua ki te pakeke. He aha ngā rerekētanga matua o te āhua o te poroka i ia wāhanga?
Kōrero:
1. Ngā hua manu: Ka tīmata te tukanga ina whakamomonatia ngā hua manu, ā, ka whanake i roto i te taiao wai. Ka tiakina ēnei hua manu e te paparanga rite ki te karāhe hei tiaki i a rātou mai i ngā kaipahua me ngā rerekētanga o te taiao.
2. Ngā Pīpī (Ngā Pīpī): Whai muri i te whānautanga, ka kitea e ngā poroka kei te wāhanga pīpī ngā āhuatanga rite ki te ika, pērā i te pihanga mō te manawa i raro i te wai me te hiku mō te kaukau. E tohu ana tēnei i tēnei wā, kua tino whakawhirinaki rātou ki te taiao wai.
3. Te Hurihanga: Kei roto i tēnei tukanga he raupapa o ngā huringa nui, arā, ka ngaro ngā pihanga, ka whanake ngā pukahukahu. I te wā o te hurihanga, ka whanake ngā peka, ā, ka ngaro haere te hiku, ka taea ai e te poroka te neke ki te oranga whenua.
4. Ngā Poroka Pakeke: He rite tonu ngā āhua o ngā pepeke whenua ki ngā pepeke whenua, ā, he pūkahukahu, he kiri hoki ō rātou e āhei ai rātou ki te manawa. He kararehe whenua rātou ka taea hoki te noho ki te wai, e tohu ana i te whakawhiti mai i te āhua noho wai ki te āhua noho whenua.
Ka rerekē rawa te āhua o te tinana o ngā poroka i ia wāhanga ki ia wāhanga. Ko ngā rerekētanga matua ko te pūnaha manawa (ka huri ngā pihanga hei pukahukahu) me te tikanga nekeneke (ka huri te hiku hei waewae).
Pātai 2: Kua wehea te huringa pepeke ki te huringa oti me te huringa kāore i oti. Homai ngā tauira o ia momo, me te whakamārama i ngā wāhanga o te huringa.
Kōrero:
1. Te Hurihanga Katoa: Hei tauira, he pūrerehua. Ko ngā wāhanga:
– Ngā hua manu: Ka whakatakotoria ki runga i ngā rau.
– Torongū (Anero): Ka puta mai i te hua ka kai i ngā rau, ka tere te tipu.
– Pupa (Chrysalis): Te wā okiokinga ka puta te whakaritenga hou o te tinana katoa.
– Imago (Pakeke): He rerekē te āhua me te mahi o te pūrerehua e puta mai ana i te kōkōni i tōna torongū, kua rite hoki mō te whakaputa uri.
2. Te Hurihanga Kore-oti: Hei tauira, he mawhitiwhiti. Ko ngā wāhanga ko:
– Ngā hua manu: Ka whakatakotoria ki te oneone, ki runga rānei i ngā tipu.
– Nymph: He rite ki te pakeke engari he iti ake, kāore he parirau, he maha ngā wā ka huri parauri i a ia e tipu ana.
– Pakeke: I muri i ētahi parāoa parauri, kua tino whanake ngā parirau, ā, kua rite te mawhitiwhiti mō te whakaputa uri.
Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ēnei momo whakawhiti e rua ko te āhua o te wāhanga o te kōpura. I roto i te whakawhiti kāore i oti, kāore he wāhanga kōpura motuhake.
Pātai 3: He aha te pānga o ngā homoni ki te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā kararehe, inā koa ki ngā pepeke?
Kōrero:
He mea nui te mahi a ngā homoni ki te whakahaere i te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā kararehe. I roto i ngā pepeke, ko ngā homoni matua e rua ko te ecdysone me te juvenile hormone (JH).
– Te homoni Ecdysone: Koia te kawenga mō te tukanga whakaheke, te whakakorikori rānei o te kiri. Ka whakaohokia e tēnei homoni ngā pūtau epidermal ki te whakaoho i te hanganga o ngā kiriuhi hou me te whakahekenga o ngā mea tawhito.
– Homoni Taiohi (JH): Ka whakahaere i te whanaketanga ki te wāhanga e whai ake nei. Mā ngā taumata JH teitei ka noho tonu ngā pepeke i te wāhanga torongū, ā, ka ārai i te whanaketanga ki te wāhanga pakeke. Ina heke ngā taumata JH, ā, kei roto hoki te ecdysone, ka taea e ngā pepeke te ahu whakamua ki te wāhanga e whai ake nei, tae atu ki te pakeketanga.
I roto i ngā pepeke kua tino huri ki te āhua, he mea nui tēnei whakahaere homoni mō ngā huringa nui e whai wāhi ana mai i te wāhanga o te pupu ki te pakeke.
Te Katinga
He mea nui te mārama ki te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā kararehe mō te ako whānui i te koiora. Kāore te ako e mutu i te ariā anake; me tāpiri atu hoki ki ngā tauira me ngā kōrero hei whakahōhonu ake i te māramatanga. Mā te whakaoti rapanga rerekē, ka taea e ngā ākonga te aromatawai i ō rātou māramatanga ariā me te whakamahi i aua mea ki ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu. Hei tāpiri, mā ngā pātai mō ngā homoni me ētahi atu tukanga ā-tinana ka taea te whakarato i ngā whakaahuatanga taipitopito ake, ā, ka nui ake te whakahihiri me te whānui o te kaupapa.
