Ngā Tauira Pātai me te Kōrero mō ngā Chromosome
Ko ngā ira-kōromō he hanganga kei roto te ira-kōromō, he mea nui ki ngā pūtau o ngā mea ora. Kei roto i ēnei ngā mōhiohio ira e tukuna ana mai i ngā mātua ki ngā uri, ā, e whakatau ana i ngā āhuatanga ira rerekē o taua tangata. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou te ariā taketake o ngā ira-kōromō, ō rātou momo, me te whakaatu i ētahi tauira raruraru me ō rātou whakamārama. Ko te whāinga o tēnei he whakarato i tētahi māramatanga hohonu ake mō tēnei kaupapa, e kitea pinepine ana i roto i ngā akoranga koiora.
Te Mārama ki ngā Ira-Kīromā
Kei roto i te pūtake o ngā pūtau eukaryotic ngā ira-ira, ā, koinei te wāhi rokiroki matua mō ngā rauemi ira. He maha ngā ira-ira o ia momo—hei tauira, e 46 ngā ira-ira o te tangata, e 23 ngā takirua. I roto i te tangata, ko ngā takirua tuatahi e 22 e kiia ana he autosome, ko te takirua whakamutunga, ko te takirua 23, ko te ira-ira tāne, e whakatau ana i te ira tangata o te tangata: XX mō ngā uwha me XY mō ngā tāne.
He mea nui te mahi a ngā ira-ira ki te penapena me te whakarite i te DNA, ā, e whai wāhi ana hoki ki te wehenga pūtau, arā, te mitosis me te meiosis. I roto i ēnei tukanga, ka whakarite ngā ira-ira kia tika te tohatoha o ngā rauemi ira ki ngā pūtau tamāhine.
Ngā momo ira-ira
1. Ngā Ira-ira Aunoa: Ko ēnei ngā ira-ira kore e whai wāhi ana ki te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga o te tinana, pērā i te tae o te makawe me te āhua o ngā kanohi.
2. Ngā Ira Tangata: Mā ēnei ira tangata e whakatau te ira tangata o te tangata. I roto i te tangata me te maha atu o ngā rauropi, ko te pūnaha whakatau ira tangata e hangai ana ki ngā ira tangata X me Y.
3. Ira Pūtau Prokaryotic: I te nuinga o te wā, kotahi te ira pūtau porowhita o ngā huakita kei roto i te cytoplasm, nā te mea kāore he karihi pūtau o rātou.
Ngā Tauira Pātai me te Kōrero mō ngā Chromosome
Anei ētahi tauira o ngā pātai e pā ana ki ngā ira-ira me ā rātou matapakinga.
Pātai 1
Pātai: Kei te whakahaerehia he mitosis e te pūtau tangata. E hia te tapeke o ngā chromosome i roto i ngā pūtau tamahine ka puta mai?
Kōrero:
Ko te mitosis he momo wehenga pūtau e puta ai ngā pūtau tamāhine e rua me te maha o ngā ira-kōromōhio rite tonu ki te pūtau matua. Nō reira, ka rite te maha o ngā ira-kōromōhio o ia pūtau tamāhine ki te pūtau matua, arā, 46 ngā ira-kōromōhio. I roto i te mitosis, ka puta te wehenga o ngā rauemi ira i roto i te huarahi e whiwhi ai ia pūtau tamāhine i tētahi tārua ōrite.
Pātai 2
Pātai: Mena he XXY te ira ira o te tangata, he aha ngā āhuatanga hauora ka pā ki a ia?
Kōrero:
Ko te whakaritenga o te ira XXY e pā ana ki tētahi āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te mate Klinefelter. He mate ira tēnei e pā ana ki ngā tāne. Ko ngā tohu ka uru atu ki te whanaketanga koretake o te testicle, te nui haere o te kiko o te ū, me te iti o ngā taumata testosterone. Kāore tēnei āhuatanga i te tuku iho i te nuinga o te wā, ā, ka puta mai i te kore wehewehe i te wā o te meiosis, arā, ko te wā e kore ai e wehe tika ngā ira ira i te wā o te whakaputanga parāoa, hua manu rānei.
Pātai 3
Pātai: E 60 katoa ngā irahiko o tētahi rauropi takirua. E hia ngā irahiko o tētahi gamete o tēnei rauropi?
Kōrero:
E rua ngā huinga ira o ngā rauropi takirua, kotahi mai i ia mātua. Ina whakaputa ēnei rauropi i ngā kare-ira mā te meiosis, ka haurua te maha o ngā ira. Nō reira, ki te hanga kare-ira tētahi rauropi takirua me te katoa o ngā ira-ira e 60, ka haurua taua maha o ia kare-ira, arā, e 30. He mea nui tēnei kia hoki ai te maha o ngā ira-ira ki te maha takirua ina honoa ngā kare-ira e rua i te wā whakatō.
Pātai 4
Pātai: He aha te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā irahiko prokaryotic me ngā irahiko eukaryotic?
Kōrero:
Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā irahiko prokaryotic me ngā irahiko eukaryotic kei roto i tō rātou hanganga me tō rātou wāhi. He porowhita te nuinga o ngā irahiko prokaryotic, ā, kei roto i te cytoplasm nā te mea kāore he karihi o rātou. He rerekē, he rārangi ngā irahiko eukaryotic, ā, kei roto i te karihi o te pūtau. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā irahiko eukaryote he maha atu i te kotahi, engari he kotahi noa te irahiko o te nuinga o ngā prokaryote.
Pātai 5
Pātai: Whakamāramahia me pēhea te awe o ngā ira-ira ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te tangata.
Kōrero:
Kei roto i ngā ira ira ngā ira tūturu, arā, ngā waeine matua o ngā mōhiohio ira. Kei tētahi wāhi motuhake o te ira tūturu ia ira, ā, ka taea e ia te awe i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana mā te whakaatu i ngā pūmua motuhake. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā ira kei runga i ngā ira tūturu te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te teitei, te tae kiri, me te kakano makawe. Ka taea e ngā whakarerekētanga ira, ngā rerekētanga rānei o ēnei ira, te arahi i ngā huringa o ēnei āhuatanga, ā, ka taea e ētahi rerekētanga te noho hei pūtake mō te whanaketanga ina kitea he pai mō te oranga o te tangata.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mārama ki ngā ira ira me te āhua o tā rātou mahi ki te koiora ira. He mea nui te mōhio ki te maha me ngā momo ira o te rauropi hei mārama ki te tukunga iho, te hauora, me te whakaputa uri. Mā te mahi i roto i ngā raruraru e pā ana ki ngā ira, ka taea e ngā ākonga te whakahōhonu ake i ō rātou māramatanga me te whakarite mō ngā whakamātautau e aro ana ki te koiora ngota me te ira. Ko te tumanako, ka whakaratohia e te kōrero i roto i tēnei tuhinga he māramatanga, ā, ka āwhina i te whakamārama i ngā ariā nui e pā ana ki ngā ira.
