7 Ngā Tauira o ngā Pātai e Whakamahi ana i te Loupe, i te Karāhe Whakanui rānei
1. Ko te teitei o tētahi mea ina tirohia tika mai i te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa he 2 mm. Kātahi ka tirohia te mea mā te whakamahi i tētahi karāhe whakanui . Mena he 10 cm te tawhiti o te mea i mua i te karāhe whakanui, he aha te teitei o te ahua o te mea i hangaia e te karāhe whakanui? Ko te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa he 25 cm.
Kōrero
E mōhiotia ana:
Teitei o te mea (h) = 2 mm
Te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa (N) = 25 cm
Te tawhiti o te mea (s) = 10 cm
I pātaihia: Te koki whakanui o te loupe (M)
Whakautu:
M = N / s
M = 25 henimita / 10 henimita
M = 2,5 ngā wā
Ko te teitei o te ahua o te mea i hangaia e te loupe he 2,5 x 2 mm = 5 mm.
2. Ka whakamahia e te tangata he kanohi noa he karāhe whakanui he 25 cm te roa o te arotahi hei pānui i ngā tuhinga iti rawa. Tātaihia te whakanui koki o te karāhe whakanui ina: (a) kei te taumata teitei te kanohi, (b) kei te taumata iti te kanohi.
Kōrero
E mōhiotia ana:
Te pito tata o te kanohi (N) = 25 cm
Ko te roa arotahi o te karāhe whakanui (f) = 25 cm (he pai nā te mea he karāhe kōpiko)
Whakautu:
(a) Te whakanui koki (M) o te karāhe whakanui ina tae te kanohi ki te taumata teitei
Ko te tātai mō te whakanui i te koki karāhe whakanui ina tae te kanohi ki te wāhi tino pai:
M = (N/f) + 1
M = (25 henimita / 25 henimita) + 1
M = 1 + 1
M = 2 ngā wā
Ina tae te kanohi ki te taumata teitei rawa, ka rua te rahi o ngā mea. Hei tauira, ko te teitei o tētahi mea ina tirohia tika mai i te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi he 1 cm. Ina tirohia mā te karāhe whakanui me te kanohi kei te taumata teitei rawa, ko te teitei o te ahua o te mea he 2 x 1 cm = 2 cm.
(b) Te whakanui koki (M) o te karāhe whakanui ina iti rawa te urunga o te kanohi
Ko te tātai mō te whakanui i te koki karāhe whakanui ina iti rawa te noho o te kanohi:
M = N / f
M = (25 henimita / 25 henimita)
M = 1
M = 1 ngā wā
Ko te rahi o tētahi mea ina tirohia mā te karāhe whakanui i te wāhi e iti rawa ana te urunga o te kanohi, he rite tonu ki te rahi o te mea ina tirohia tika mai i te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi.
3. Ko te teitei o tētahi mea ina tirohia mai i te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa he 1 cm. Tātaihia te teitei o te ahua ina tirohia mā te karāhe whakanui me te roa arotahi o te 10 cm ina: (a) kei te wāhi noho mōrahi te kanohi, (b) kei te wāhi noho mōrahi te kanohi.
Kōrero
E mōhiotia ana:
Teitei o te mea (h) = 1 cm
Te roanga arotahi o te karāhe whakanui (f) = 10 cm
Te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa (N) = 25 cm
Whakautu:
(a) Te teitei o te atarangi o te mea ina tae te kanohi ki te taumata teitei rawa
Ko te tātai mō te whakanui i te koki karāhe whakanui ina tae te kanohi ki te wāhi tino pai:
M = (N/f) + 1
M = (25 henimita / 10 henimita) + 1
M = 2,5 + 1
M = 3,5 ngā wā
Ko te teitei o te atarangi o te mea ina tirohia mā te whakamahi i te karāhe whakanui ina tae te kanohi ki te taumata teitei = 3,5 x 1 henimita = 3,5 henimita
(b) Te teitei o te atarangi o te mea ina iti rawa te urunga o te kanohi
Ko te tātai mō te whakanui i te koki karāhe whakanui ina iti rawa te noho o te kanohi:
M = N/f
M = 25 henimita / 10 henimita
M = 2,5 ngā wā
Ko te teitei o te atarangi o te mea ina tirohia mā te whakamahi i te karāhe whakanui ina noho tata te kanohi = 2,5 x 1 henimita = 2,5 henimita
4. Ka whakamahia e tētahi tauira he karāhe whakanui hei tirotiro i tētahi mea. Ina iti rawa te taunga o te kanohi o te tauira, ka pāngia te mea e te whakanui koki 5x. Mena he 25 cm te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa, he aha te roa o te arotahi o te karāhe whakanui?
Kōrero
E mōhiotia ana:
Whakanui koki (M) = 5 ngā wā
Te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa (N) = 25 cm
I pātaihia: Te roa o te arotahi o te karāhe whakanui
Whakautu:
Ko te tātai mō te whakanui i te koki karāhe whakanui ina iti rawa te noho o te kanohi:
M = N/f
5 = 25 henimita / wh
f = 25 henimita / 5
f = 5 henemita
Ko te roa arotahi o te karāhe whakanui he 5 henemita.
5. Ka kitea e te tangata tētahi waeroa mā te whakamahi i tētahi karāhe whakanui he 15 henimita te roa o te arotahi. Mena he 30 henimita te tawhiti pānui noa a te tangata, ko te whakanui mōrahi rawa atu o te karāhe whakanui ko...
A. 1,5 ngā wā
B. 2,0 ngā wā
C. 3,0 wā
D. 4,0 ngā wā
E. 4,5 ngā wā
Kōrero
E mōhiotia ana:
Te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa (N) = 30 cm
Ko te roa o te arotahi o te karāhe whakanui (f) = 15 cm (he pai nā te mea he karāhe kōpikopiko te karāhe whakanui)
Pātai: Te whakanuinga mōrahi o te karāhe whakanui
Whakautu:
Ka puta te whakanui mōrahi ina tae te kanohi ki te wāhi e tino pai ai te noho. Ko te whakanui o te koki karāhe whakanui ina tae te kanohi ki te wāhi e tino pai ai te noho:
M = (N/f) + 1
M = (30 henimita / 15 henimita) + 1
M = 2 + 1
M = 3 ngā wā
Ko te whakautu tika ko C.
6. Ka whakamahia he karāhe whakanui he 20 diopters te kaha e te kaimātakitaki he 25 cm te tawhiti pānui noa. Mēnā kāore te kanohi e aro ki te tirohanga, ko te whakanui ka puta ko…
A. 2 ngā wā
B. 4 ngā wā
C. 5 wā
D. 6 ngā wā
E. 8 ngā wā
Kōrero
E mōhiotia ana:
Te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa (N) = 25 cm
Mana o te karāhe whakanui (P) = 20 diopters
I pātaihia: Te whakanui iti rawa o te karāhe whakanui
Whakautu:
Roa arotahi whakanui:
P = 1/f
20 = 1/w
f = 1/20 = 0,05 mita = 5 cm
Te whakanui i te koki o te karāhe whakanui ina iti rawa te urunga o te kanohi:
M = N / f
M = (25 henimita / 5 henimita)
M = 5 ngā wā
Ko te whakautu tika ko C.
7. Ki te mātakitaki tātou i tētahi mea mā te whakamahi i tētahi karāhe whakanui me te kanohi e noho ana i te taumata teitei rawa, ko te tūranga tika o te mea ko...
Kōrero
Wāhi Noho ko ngā kanohi te whakatikatika i te roa o te arotahi o te arotahi Ngā Kanohi. Hei kite mārama i ngā mea i ngā tawhiti rerekē mai i te kanohi, ka whakarerekē ngā uaua kanohi (ngā uaua ciliary) i te piko o te arotahi, ka whakarerekē i te roa o te arotahi o te kanohi. Ka rerekē te roa o te arotahi o te arotahi i runga i te tawhiti o te mea mai i te kanohi. Hei kite i ngā mea tawhiti, ka whakangāwari ngā uaua kanohi, ka whakaiti i te arotahi, ā, ka hanga i te ahua o te mea ki runga tonu i te retina. Ina wātea, ina marino rānei ngā uaua o te kanohi, kāore e nui te urutau o ngā kanohi.
I tetahi atu taha, hei tiro i ngā mea e tata ana, ka whakawhāiti ngā uaua o te kanohi, ka matotoru te arotahi, ka whakapoto i te roa o te arotahi, ā, ka whakanohoia te ahua ki muri i te pūwāhi arotahi (retina). Ko te tawhiti tata ki te kanohi ka taea e te kanohi te arotahi ka kiia ko te pūwāhi tata. Ko te pūwāhi tata o te tangata toharite he 25 cm. Ina arotahi te kanohi ki tētahi mea i tētahi pūwāhi tata (25 cm), ka urutau te kanohi ki te taumata teitei rawa atu.
Ko te rahi o tētahi mea e kitea ana e tātou, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te koki e hangaia ana e te mea ki ō tātou kanohi. Ko ngā mea e tawhiti ana ka hanga i tētahi koki iti ki ō tātou kanohi, ka āhua iti ake ai, ahakoa he nui tonu. I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā mea e tata ana ki ō tātou kanohi ka hanga i tētahi koki nui ake, ka āhua nui ake ai. Hei tauira, e rua ngā kōhatu he rite te rahi, ko tētahi he 50 cm te tawhiti mai i ō tātou kanohi, ko tētahi he 100 cm te tawhiti mai i ō tātou kanohi. He rite te rahi o ngā kōhatu, engari nā te rerekētanga o te tawhiti i waenganui i a rāua, ko te kōhatu 50 cm te tawhiti mai i ō tātou kanohi he rua te rahi ake i te kōhatu 100 cm te tawhiti mai i ō tātou kanohi. Ki te hiahia tātou ki te kite mārama ake i tētahi mea, me whakatata atu tātou ki ō tātou kanohi, ā, ko te tawhiti tata rawa atu e taea tonu ai e ō tātou kanohi te kite mārama ko te 25 cm. He aha mēnā, i muri i te whakatata atu i te mea ki ō tātou kanohi ki te tawhiti o te 25 cm, kāore tonu e taea e ō tātou kanohi te kite mārama? Hei tauira, ko ngā reta he tino iti, ahakoa ka whakatata atu ki te tawhiti o te 25 cm, kāore e taea e ō tātou kanohi te kite mārama. Hei whakakore i tēnei raruraru, e hiahiatia ana he karāhe whakanui, he karāhe whakanui rānei.
Ko te karāhe whakanui noa iho, he mea tito mai i ngā karāhe kōpikopiko e rua, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā karāhe whakapūmau, i ngā mata e rua. Ka kiia tēnei momo karāhe he karāhe kōpikopiko takirua. Mā te karāhe whakanui ka taea e tātou te whakanoho i ngā mea kia tata atu ki ō tātou kanohi, kia nui ake ai te koki tirohanga. Kia iti ai te urutau o te kanohi, kia wātea ai rānei, me noho te ahua o te mea ki te mutunga kore. Ka taea tēnei mena kei te pūwāhi arotahi o te karāhe whakanui te mea, e whakaaturia ana i te whakautu C. I tetahi atu taha, ki te urutau te kanohi ki te nuinga, me noho te ahua ki te tawhiti o te 25 cm neke atu rānei mai i te kanohi. Ka taea tēnei mena kei roto te mea i te pūwāhi arotahi o te karāhe whakanui, e whakaaturia ana i te whakautu D.
Ko te whakautu tika ko D.
Pūtake pātai:
Ngā Pātai Ahupūngao Whakamātautau ā-Motu mō te Kura Tuarua/Kura Tuarua Mahi-ā-ringa
