Te Whakamāramatanga o te Whakaata Kōpiko
Ko tētahi momo whakaata e whakamahia ana i ia rā ko te whakaata piko. He whakaata piko te whakaata piko , ko te mata whakaata e piko whakamuri ana. Hei āwhina i a koe ki te mārama, tirohia te ahua o te whakaata piko i te taha.
Ngā whakamahinga
Ki te hiahia koe ki te tirotiro i tō kiri kanohi kia mārama ake, kia taipitopito hoki, pupurihia tō mata ki te mata whakaata o te whakaata piko kia puta rā anō tō whakaata kia nui ake, kia kitea hoki ō pūwero. Ka puta tō whakaata kia nui ake i tō mata nā te mea ka whakanuia e te whakaata, ka puta tēnei ina iti iho tō mata i te roa arotahi o te whakaata. Akohia te kaupapa o ngā whakaata piko kia pai ake ai te mārama ki tēnei. Nā te mea ka whakanuia e rātou te whakaata, he mea noa te whakamahi i ngā whakaata e ngā wāhine mō te whakapaipai, ā, e ngā tāne mō te heu.
Ka whakamahia hoki ngā whakaata kōpiko i roto i ngā rama me ngā rama motuka. Ko te kaupapa o ngā whakaata i roto i ngā rama, ngā rama motuka, me ētahi atu rama rama he whakarara i te mārama kia tika te haere o te mārama katoa ki mua. Ki te whakatuwhera koe i te karāhe o mua o te rama ka tangohia te whakaata, ka horapa te mārama ka puta ki ngā taha katoa, ā, kāore e taea te whakamārama i ngā mea, i ngā mata o te rori rānei i tawhiti. Ka whakamāramahia te mātāpono mahi a ngā whakaata i roto i ngā rama, i ngā rama motuka rānei i muri mai i roto i te kōrero mō te pūwāhi arotahi o ngā whakaata. Haunga te whakamahinga i roto i ngā rama, i ētahi atu rama rama rānei, ka whakamahia hoki ngā whakaata i roto i ngā tipu hiko o te rā. I roto i ngā tipu hiko o te rā, ka kohia e ngā whakaata te hihi o te rā, ka tukuna te mārama katoa ki te pūwāhi arotahi o te whakaata, te wāhi e whakatakotoria ana he oko. Ka whakamahia te hihi o te rā hei mimiti i te wai i roto i te oko, ka whakamahia te mamaoa hei taraiwa i te tāpine hei whakaputa hiko.
Pūwāhi Arotahi
Ki te anga atu te mata o te whakaata e whakaata ana i te mārama ki tētahi mea i tawhiti rawa atu, hei tauira, ki te rā, ka whakarara te hihi mārama e tukuna ana e te rā ki taua mea. tuaka matua whakaata, e whakaaturia ana i te ahua i raro nei. Ko te tuaka matua he rārangi pohewa e poutū ana ki waenganui o te mata whakaata. I te ahua i raro nei, ka taurite te rārangi tuaka matua ki te pūwāhi whakawhiti o ngā hihi mārama whakaata katoa.
Ina pā ki te mata whakaata, ka ngohengohe ia hihi mārama, ia hihi mārama rānei te ture o te whakaata o te māramatanga. I waenganui i te hihi taunga me te hihi whakaata he rārangi noa e poutū ana ki te mata whakaata e haere ana te hihi mārama, engari kāore te rārangi noa i tuhia. Ko te koki i waenganui i te hihi taunga me te rārangi noa he rite ki te koki i waenganui i te hihi whakaata me te rārangi noa. He rerekē ki te whakaata papatahi he mata papatahi tōna kia kotahi te ahunga o ngā rārangi noa katoa, i roto i te whakaata kōpiko kāore ngā rārangi noa e rite te ahunga nā te mea he piko te mata whakaata, ehara i te papatahi. Ka tutaki ngā hihi whakaata katoa ki te pūwāhi kotahi e ōrite ana ki te tuaka matua e kiia nei ko pūwāhi arotahi (F). Ara, ko te pūwāhi arotahi ko te pūwāhi ahua o tētahi mea e tino tawhiti ana i te mata o te whakaata, hei tauira, te rā me ngā whetū.
I runga i te ture o te whakaata o te māramatanga, ka taea te huri i te ahunga o te hihi mārama, o ngā hihi mārama rānei, he rerekē ki te ahua o mua. Mena ka whakaarohia he pūtake mārama kei te pūwāhi arotahi o te whakaata, ka pā te hihi mārama e tukuna ana e te mea ki te mata o te whakaata, ā, ka whakaatahia e te mata o te whakaata. Ko te ahunga o te hihi mārama e whakaatahia ana he whakarara ki te tuaka matua o te whakaata piko. Koinei te kaupapa matua o te whakamahinga o ngā whakaata i roto i ngā rama rama, ngā rama motuka, ngā rama rama rānei, te whakamahinga o ngā whakaata i roto i ngā tipu hiko o te rā.
I runga i te whakamārama i runga ake nei, ka taea te whakatau mēnā he pūtake mārama kei te pūwāhi arotahi o te whakaata, ka whakaatahia te hihi mārama e tukuna ana e te mea e te whakaata, kei reira te hihi mārama whakaata e whakarara ana ki te tuaka matua o te whakaata. I tetahi atu taha, mēnā kei tawhiti rawa te mea, kei te pūwāhi arotahi o te whakaata kōpiko te ahua o te mea. Mēnā he ahua kei te pūwāhi arotahi o te mea kei tawhiti rawa, kei hea te ahua o te mea mēnā he mutunga, he tata rānei te tawhiti o te mea mai i te mata o te whakaata? Hei mārama ki tēnei, akohia te kaupapa. whakaahua whakaata kōpiko ā, hei tere ake te mārama ki te kaupapa, me ako tuatahi ngā hihi motuhake o ngā whakaata kōpiko dan tātai whakaata kōpiko.
Roa Arotahi
Ko te roa arotahi (f) te tawhiti i waenganui i te pūwāhi arotahi (F) me te mata o te whakaata kōpiko. E whai ake nei ka whakamāramahia me pēhea te whakatau i te roa arotahi o te whakaata kōpiko mā te whakamahi i te hihi taunga me te hihi whakaata.
Ko te pūwāhi C te pūwāhi pokapū o te piko o te whakaata kōpiko. Ko te roa arotahi o te whakaata kōpiko ko f (roa arotahi = f = FQ) ā, ko te pūtoro piko o te whakaata kōpiko ko r (pūtoro piko = r = CQ = CP).
Ka pā te hihi taunga ki te whakaata kōpiko i P, ā, ka whakaatahia ki te pūwāhi arotahi F. Ko te rārangi iraira CP te rārangi noa. Ka whakarongo te hihi taunga me te hihi whakaata ki te ture whakaata o te mārama, ina rite te koki taunga (θ) ki te koki whakaata (θ) ā, he rite tēnei koki ki te koki o te tapatoru PCQ (θ). He rite te koki o te tapatoru PCQ ki te koki o te tapatoru CPF, nō reira he tapatoru ōrite te tapatoru PFC. Nā te mea he tapatoru ōrite te tapatoru PFC, he rite te roa o PF ki te roa o CF. Mā te whakaaro he iti ake te whānui o te whakaata i te pūtoro piko o te whakaata, nō reira ka kiia te roa o PF he rite ki te roa o FQ. Nā te mea ko CF = PF me PF = FQ, ko CQ = 2 CF = 2 FQ. CQ = r = pūtoro piko o te whakaata kōpiko, ā, ko FQ = f = roa arotahi o te whakaata kōpiko. Nō reira, ka taea te whakatau ko te pūtoro o te piko o te whakaata kōpiko (r) = 2 x te roa arotahi (f) o te whakaata kōpiko. Mā te pāngarau:
r = 2 f rānei f = r / 2
Atarangi
Ka taea anake e te whakaata papatahi te hanga i tētahi ahua mariko, engari ka taea e te whakaata piko te hanga i ngā ahua tūturu me ngā ahua mariko. Ko te āhua tūturu, mariko rānei o tētahi mea, kei te tawhiti o te mea mai i te mata o te whakaata piko, ā, kua whakamāramahia tēnei i roto i te kaupapa. whakaahua whakaata kōpiko.
Atarangi Tuturu
He tūturu te ahua mēnā ka whiti te hihi mārama whakaata, ngā hihi mārama whakaata rānei mā te pūwāhi kei reira te ahua. Mēnā ka whakanohoia he mata ki tētahi tūranga e tumanakohia ana he ahua tūturu, ka puta he hihi mārama ki runga i te mata, ā, ka rite te āhua o tēnei hihi mārama ki te mea. Ko te noho o tētahi ahua tūturu i hangaia e te whakaata kōpiko te take e whakamahia ai ngā whakaata kōpiko i roto i ngā karu tiro whetū. I roto i te kaupapa o ngā karu tiro whatu, ka ako koe ko te kaha o te karu tiro ki te hanga i tētahi ahua tūturu te pūtake o tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā karu tiro whatu.
Te Atarangi o Maya
He mariko te ahua mēnā kāore te hihi mārama whakaata, ngā hihi mārama whakaata rānei e tika ana kia puta mā te pūwāhi kei reira te ahua. Mēnā ka whakanohoia he mata ki tētahi tūranga e tumanakohia ana he ahua mariko, kāore he hihi mārama e kitea i runga i te mata. Kāore he ahua mariko/āhua/hē e noho ana, engari ka kitea e te kanohi tangata. hihi mārama te neke i te ara tika kia āhua rite tonu ki te neke tika mai i te pūwāhi kei reira te atarangi.
