I-Industrial Revolution 4.0: Ukushintsha Ubuso Bomhlaba
I-Fourth Industrial Revolution, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Industrial Revolution 4.0, iyisigaba soguquko esiqhubekayo njengamanje, esibonisa inkathi entsha yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela, ukwenziwa kwedijithali, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe kuzo zonke izici zokuphila. Leli gama laqala ukwethulwa nguKlaus Schwab, umsunguli kanye nosihlalo omkhulu we-World Economic Forum, encwadini ayishicilela ngo-2016. Lolu guquko luqhubeka nefa lezinguquko zezimboni zangaphambilini ezibe nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni, emasikweni, kanye nempilo yomphakathi womhlaba wonke.
Umlando Omfushane Wenguquko Yezimboni
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa kabanzi nge-Industrial Revolution 4.0, kubalulekile ukuqonda umongo wezinguquko zezimboni zangaphambilini:
1. Inguquko Yokuqala Yezimboni (ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19):
Lolu guquko lwaqala eNgilandi, lwaphawulwa ngokusungulwa kwenjini yomusi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini ekukhiqizweni kwezindwangu. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi lapho umsebenzi wabantu waqala ukuthathelwa indawo yimishini.
2. Inguquko Yesibili Yezimboni (ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20):
Lesi sigaba sibone ukwanda okukhulu kobuchwepheshe kanye nemibono emisha ngenxa kagesi, ukukhula kwemboni yensimbi kanye nensimbi, kanye nezinto ezintsha ezifana nocingo kanye nezimoto.
3. Inguquko Yesithathu Yezimboni (ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20):
Eyaziwa ngokuthi inguquko yedijithali, lesi kwakuyisikhathi sezinto zikagesi, i-IT, kanye nokuzisebenzela ngokuzenzakalelayo kokukhiqiza. Amakhompyutha kanye ne-inthanethi kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Iyini i-Industrial Revolution 4.0?
I-Fourth Industrial Revolution (IRR4.0) ibhekisela ezindleleni zamanje zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nokushintshana kwedatha kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. Ihilela izinhlelo ze-cyber-physical, i-inthanethi yezinto (IoT), i-cloud computing, kanye ne-cognitive computing. Ngokubanzi, i-Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) igxile ekudalweni "kwezimboni ezihlakaniphile" ezingasebenza ngokuzimela futhi zinikeze ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kokukhiqiza, kusetshenziswa idatha ukwenza izinqumo zesikhathi sangempela.
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zenguquko Yezimboni 4.0
1. I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT):
I-IoT iyinethiwekhi ebonakalayo yamadivayisi, izimoto, izakhiwo, nezinye izinto ezisebenza nge-elekthronikhi, isofthiwe, izinzwa, kanye nokuxhumeka ukuze zikwazi ukushintshanisa idatha. Embonini, i-IoT ivumela amadivayisi ukuthi aqoqe futhi ashintshanise idatha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza.
2. Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa (i-AI) kanye nokufunda Komshini:
I-AI kanye nokufunda komshini kuvumela imishini ukuthi ifunde kudatha futhi yenze izinqumo noma izincomo ngokuzimela. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, njengokwenza ngezifiso isevisi, ukuqashelwa kwenkulumo, izinhlelo zokuzulazula, ngisho nokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile.
3. I-Big Data kanye ne-Analytics:
Ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu (idatha enkulu) kwenza izinkampani zikwazi ukuthola ulwazi olubalulekile olungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza nezinsizakalo, kodwa futhi olubikezela izitayela zesikhathi esizayo futhi lwenze izinqumo zamasu.
4. Ubuchwepheshe Bamafu:
I-Cloud computing inikeza ukufinyelela okuguquguqukayo kanye nokukhula okukhulu kokufinyelela nokugcina idatha, okuvumela ukubambisana kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.
5. Izinhlelo Ze-Cyber-Physical:
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa umhlaba ongokoqobo nomhlaba wekhompyutha okwenza kube nokuxhumana okunamandla nokubambisana phakathi kwemishini nabantu.
Umthelela Wenguquko Yezimboni 4.0
Lolu guquko lube nomthelela omkhulu ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila kanye nezimboni:
1. Umnotho kanye Nezimboni:
Ukuvala igebe phakathi kwemikhakha yezimboni ngokususa izithiyo zokuxhumana nokusheshisa izinqubo zokusungula izinto ezintsha. Ukuzenzakalela kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile kwandisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kunciphisa imfucuza.
2. Imisebenzi Namakhono:
Nakuba kunokukhathazeka ngokuthi ukuzenzekela kunganciphisa imisebenzi, i-Fourth Industrial Revolution (I4.0) nayo idala amathuba emisebenzi amasha, ikakhulukazi kwezobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nokugcinwa kwesistimu yokuzenzekela. Isidingo samakhono amasha kanye nokuqeqeshwa kabusha kwabasebenzi sibalulekile.
3. Impilo Yomphakathi:
Ezingeni lezenhlalo, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe kuthonya indlela abantu abasebenzisana ngayo, abasebenzisa ngayo ulwazi, futhi bakhethe ngisho nemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo. Kukhona nemiphumela ebalulekile kubumfihlo bedatha kanye nokuphepha kwe-inthanethi.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Ezintsha Nobuchwepheshe:
Isivinini sokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwezobuchwepheshe sikhuphuke kakhulu, sisheshisa ijubane locwaningo nentuthuko kwezempilo, amandla, ezokuthutha, kanye neminye imikhakha esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-4.0.
Izinselele Okubhekana Nazo
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo ezithembisayo, i-Fourth Industrial Revolution nayo iletha izinselelo ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa izinselelo zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, amazinga okulawula angaguquki, kanye nokuthembela ngokweqile kubuchwepheshe. Ukwehlukana kwedijithali kugqamisa nezindaba zokufinyeleleka kobuchwepheshe, okungandisa igebe phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zomphakathi.
Ukulungiselela imfundo nokuqeqeshwa okubuyekeziwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamakhono amasha nakho kuyinto eza kuqala. Izinguquko ezinkulu kumamodeli ebhizinisi avamile ziphonsela inselelo izinkampani ukuthi zivumelane kakhudlwana nalezi zinguquko ezisheshayo.
Isiphetho
I-Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) iyisinyathelo esilandelayo esikhulu ekuguqulweni kwemboni nomphakathi. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kuzo zonke izici zokuphila, lolu guquko aluthinti nje kuphela indlela imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezikhiqizwa ngayo kodwa nendlela esiphila futhi sisebenza ngayo. Nakuba kunezinselele okumelwe zinqotshwe, amathuba okusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokusebenza kahle okukhulu awakwazi ukunakwa. Izinhlangano, ohulumeni, kanye nabantu ngabanye kumele babambisane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo ze-Fourth Industrial Revolution ziyazwiwa yibo bonke, ngenkathi zibhekana ngempumelelo nezinselele zayo.
