Isihloko mayelana nokungaguquguquki
Ngokuphathelene nogesi kagesi, kuxoxwe ngobuningi bogesi kagesi, ngakho-ke nensimu kagesi ichazwe esihlokweni mayelana nensimu kagesi. Insimu kagesi kanye nogesi kagesi ku-conductor uma kukhona umehluko ongaba khona ku-conductor, kanti uma kungekho mehluko ongaba khona, khona-ke akukho nsimu kagesi kanye nogesi kagesi.
Cishe kuzo zonke iziqhubi zensimbi, insimu kagesi ilingana ngqo nobuningi bomsinga kagesi, lapho isilinganiso sensimu kagesi nobuningi bomsinga kagesi singaguquki. Inani lokuqhathanisa insimu kagesi nobuningi bamanje libizwa ngokuthi i-resistivity. Ngokwezibalo, ubudlelwano phakathi kwensimu kagesi, ubuningi bamanje, kanye ne-resistivity buchazwe kulesi sibalo:
ρ = E / J
ρ = ukumelana, E = inkambu kagesi, J = zamanje Ubuningi
Enye yefomula yensimu kagesi yi-E = V/d lapho i-V = umehluko wamandla kagesi = i-voltage kagesi kanye ne-d = ibanga ukuze iyunithi yensimu kagesi ibe yi-Volt/meter (V/m). Ifomula yobuningi bamanje yi-J = I/A lapho i-I = ugesi wamanje kanye ne-A = indawo enqamulayo yomqhubi, ngakho iyunithi yobuningi bamanje iyi-Ampere/meter square (A/m).2). Isibalo sokumelana ngu-ρ = E/J ukuze iyunithi yokumelana ibe ngu-V/m: A/m2 = V/m x m2 / A = V/A (m) = Ω m (funda: Ohmmeter). Ω = I-Volt / I-Ampere iyiyunithi yokumelana kagesi.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lokumelana liphethwe yizivikeli zikagesi noma, kuyilapho ukuvimbela okuncane kakhulu kuphethwe yi-conductor kagesi enhle. Uma i-conductor ihambisa ugesi kangcono, ukumelana kohlobo lwe-conductor kuncane. Uhlelo lwabaqhubi bensimbi abanokumelana okukhulu kuya kokuncane kakhulu yi-tin, insimbi, i-aluminium, igolide, ithusi, isiliva. Ngakho-ke, kungaphethwa ngokuthi inani lokumelana lento lisho isilinganiso sekhono lento lokuvimbela ugesi.
Uma engumqhubi omuhle futhi elalela umthetho we-Ohm, ezingeni lokushisa elithile, inani lokumelana alixhomekile ensimini kagesi, okusho ukuthi uma insimu kagesi ishintsha inani lokumelana alishintshi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kubaqhubi abangahambisani nomthetho we-Ohm, inani lokumelana lincike ensimini kagesi, okusho ukuthi uma ubukhulu bensimu kagesi bushintsha khona-ke inani le-R nalo liyashintsha.
Ukumelana komqhubi wensimbi kuncike ekushiseni. Uma izinga lokushisa lensimbi likhuphuka, ukumelana kwensimbi kuyanda, kanti uma izinga lokushisa lensimbi liyancipha, ukumelana kwensimbi kuyancipha. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ama-athomu ahamba ngokushesha futhi ahlelwe ngendlela engajwayelekile ukuze avimbele ukunyakaza kwama-electron, okwenza ukuhamba kwama-electron kube kancane. Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, ama-athomu ahamba kancane futhi ahlelwe njalo ukuze ukugeleza kwama-electron kube bushelelezi.
Okuphambene nokumelana nokushisa yi-conductivity. Ngokwezibalo, ubudlelwano phakathi kokumelana nokushisa nokushisa buchazwa nge-equation:
σ = 1 /ρ
σ = ukuqhutshwa komqhubi, ρ = ukumelana.
Iyunithi yokumelana yi-Ωm ukuze iyunithi yokuqhuba ibe yi-1 / Ωm = (Ωm)-1
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lokuqhuba ugesi liphethwe ngumqhubi kagesi, kanti inani elincane kakhulu lokuqhuba ugesi liphethwe yi-insulator kagesi noma umqhubi kagesi omubi. Uma umqhubi eletha ugesi kangcono, kulapho umqhubi eletha ugesi omkhulu khona. Uhlelo lwabaqhubi bensimbi abanokuqhuba ugesi okukhulu kakhulu kuya kwabancane kakhulu yisiliva, ithusi, igolide, i-aluminium, insimbi, ithini. Ngakho-ke, kungaphethwa ngokuthi inani lokuqhuba ugesi lento liveza isilinganiso sekhono lento lokuthwala ugesi. Isiliva sinokuqhuba ugesi okukhulu kodwa siyabiza ngakho ithusi lisetshenziswa kabanzi njengomqhubi kagesi.
