Umthetho wesibili kaKirchhoff uthi ushintsho kumandla kagesi endaweni ezungezile yesekethe evaliwe luyi-zero. Umthetho wesibili kaKirchhoff usekelwe emthethweni wokulondolozwa kwamandla, othi amandla angunaphakade.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono lokhu, cabanga ngeshaja kagesi ehamba ngesekethe evaliwe, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Lapho ishaja kagesi idlula ku- ukumelana nogesi (R), i- amandla kagesi angase abe khona incishisiwe ngoba isetshenziswa kulezi zimo zokumelana. Uma ishaja kagesi idlula kwenye ukumelana kukagesi, amandla kagesi ayancipha futhi ngoba isetshenziswa futhi ekumelaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ishaja kagesi idlula emthonjeni we-voltage isuka kumandla aphansi iye kumandla aphezulu, amandla kagesi ayanda. Uma ibuyela endaweni yayo yokuqala, amandla kagesi ayafana nawangaphambili, lapho ushintsho lwamandla kagesi luyi-zero. Uma usebenzisa I-KirchhoffUmthetho wesibili wesekethe kagesi, sisebenzisa ushintsho ku-voltage kagesi, hhayi ushintsho kumandla kagesi angase abe khona.
Isekethe njengoba kusesithombeni esingenhla ingahlaziywa kusetshenziswa umthetho ka-Ohm (V = IR) kanye nesibalo sokumelana kochungechunge noma ukumelana okuhambisanayo. Amasekethe ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njengesibalo angahlaziywa kusetshenziswa umthetho wokuqala kaKirchhoff kanye nomthetho wesibili kaKirchhoff.
Nazi ezinye zemithetho ebalulekile lapho usebenzisa umthetho wesibili kaKirchhoff ukuhlaziya isekethe.
Okokuqala , khetha indlela yamanje, kungaba ngokwewashi noma ngokuphambene newashi. Uma impendulo ingu-negative, indlela yangempela yamanje kagesi isendleleni yamanje enqunyiwe. Uma impendulo ingu-positive, indlela yangempela yamanje kagesi iyafana nendlela yamanje ekhethiwe.
Okwesibili , uma kudlula emthonjeni we-voltage kusuka ku-potential ephezulu kuya ku-potential ephansi (kuya -), kuba nokwehla kwe-voltage kagesi ukuze i-voltage ibe negative (ΔV = -ε). Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma isuka ku-potential ephansi iye ku-potential ephezulu (- kuya), kuba nokwanda kwe-voltage kagesi ukuze i-voltage ibe yi-positive (ΔV = ε).
Okwesithathu , uma idlula ekumelaneni kukagesi, uma iluphu isendleleni yamandla kagesi, i-voltage iphansi (V = – IR). Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma isiqondiso seluphu siphambene nesiqondiso samandla kagesi, i-voltage kagesi iphansi (ΔV = IR).
Inkinga yesampula 1:
R1 = 200 Ω kanye no-R2 = 300 Ω. ε = 12 Volts. Bala ugesi ogeleza kusekethe usebenzisa I-KirchhoffUmthetho wesibili!
Isixazululo:
Isiqondiso sendlela ehambisana newashi.
– IR 1 – IR 2 + ε = 0
– 200 I – 300 I + 12 = 0.
– 500 I + 12 = 0
– 500 I = – 12
Mina = 12/500
Mina = 0.024 A
Uma kubalwa kusetshenziswa umthetho ka-Ohm kanye nefomula yokuhlanganiswa kwama-resistor ochungechungeni:
R = R1 + R2 = 200 + 300 = 500 Ω.
Isilinganiso somthetho ka-Ohm:
V = IR
I = V / R = 12 / 500 = 0.024 A.
Inkinga yesampula 2:
R 1 = 100 Ω, R 2 = 200 Ω, R 3 = 300 Ω, ε 1 = 9 Volts, ε 2 = 12 Volts. Bala ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso sogesi osesekethe!
Isixazululo:
Khetha indlela yamandla kagesi bese indlela yeluphu ifana nendlela yewashi.
– IR 1 – IR 2 – ε 1 – IR 3 + ε 2 = 0
– 100 I – 200 I – 9 – 300 I + 12 = 0
– 100 I – 200 I – 300 I + 3 = 0
– 600 I + 3 = 0
– 600 I = – 3
Mina = 3/600
Mina = 0.005 A
Ugesi wamanje ulungile ukuze isiqondiso sifane nesiqondiso esikhethiwe.
