Isihloko: Ithonya Lendawo Yezwe Yase-Indonesia
I-Pendahuluan
I-Indonesia iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elinohlaza oluyi-archipelago, eliqukethe iziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-17.000 ezisakazeke enkabazwe. Indawo yokwakheka komhlaba yase-Indonesia ihlukile futhi iyinselele, njengoba itholakala lapho kuhlangana khona amapuleti amathathu amakhulu e-tectonic: i-Eurasian Plate, i-Indo-Australian Plate, kanye ne-Pacific Plate. Le ndawo inikeza i-Indonesia izinsiza zemvelo eziningi futhi iyibeka engcupheni yezinhlekelele zemvelo. Lesi sihloko sizochaza umthelela wendawo yokwakheka komhlaba yase-Indonesia ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila, kusukela ezintweni zemvelo kanye nezokuvakasha kuya ezingozini zokwakheka komhlaba.
Okumbiwayo kwendalo
1. Ingcebo Yezimbiwa Namandla
Indawo ye-Indonesia endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Pacific Ring of Fire inikeza izinzuzo ngesimo semithombo eminingi yamaminerali namandla. I-Indonesia inemithombo eminingi yethusi, igolide, i-nickel, ne-tin. Isibonelo, imayini yaseGrasberg ePapua ingenye yezimayini ezinkulu zegolide nezethusi emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifunda ezifana neKalimantan neSumatra zicebile ngamalahle namafutha. Lo mcebo unegalelo elikhulu emnothweni wezwe ngendlela yokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nemali engenayo kahulumeni.
2. Ukuhlukahluka Kwezinto Eziphilayo
Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-Indonesia siphinde sibe nomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingavamile. Izintaba eziningi kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi ezivela emisebenzini yezintaba-mlilo zakha izindawo zokuhlala ezihlukile ezisekela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane. I-Indonesia yaziwa njengezwe elinobuningi bezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo elinenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezitholakala endaweni ethile, njengedrako iKomodo eNusa Tenggara kanye ne-orangutan eKalimantan naseSumatra.
3. Inhlabathi Evundile Yentaba-mlilo
Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, nakuba kubhubhisa kakhulu, ekugcineni kukhiqiza inhlabathi evundile kakhulu yentaba-mlilo. Lolu hlobo lomhlabathi lucebile ngamaminerali abalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, izindawo eziningi zezolimo ezivundile e-Indonesia, ikakhulukazi eziqhingini zaseJava naseBali, ziwumphumela walo mhlabathi wentaba-mlilo. Lokhu kwenza i-Indonesia ibe ngumkhiqizi omkhulu wemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezolimo, njengelayisi, ikhofi, nezinongo.
Isivakashi
4. Izindawo Zokuvakasha Ezinezintaba-mlilo
Ukuba khona kwezintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi e-Indonesia kudala izindawo ezikhangayo zezivakashi. INtaba iBromo e-East Java kanye neNtaba iRinjani eLombok ziyizibonelo zezindawo ezidumile phakathi kwezivakashi zasekhaya nezakwamanye amazwe. Izenzakalo ze-geological ezifana nemigodi, amachibi ezintaba-mlilo, kanye nemithombo yamanzi ashisayo ziyizindawo ezikhangayo eziyingqayizivele.
5. Ubuhle Bangaphansi Kwamanzi
I-Indonesia itholakala esifundeni esaziwa ngokuthi i-Coral Triangle, ikhaya lezinhlobo zama-coral reef ezicebe kakhulu emhlabeni. Lesi sifunda sinikeza izindawo zokuvakasha zasolwandle ezingenakuqhathaniswa, njengeRaja Ampat eNtshonalanga yePapua kanye neBunaken eNyakatho yeSulawesi. Ubuhle bama-coral reef ayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingaphansi kwamanzi kwenza i-Indonesia ibe yipharadesi lababhukudi kanye nabathandi basolwandle.
Ingozi Yezwe
6. Umsebenzi Wokuzamazama Nokuqubuka Kwezintaba-mlilo
Indawo yase-Indonesia lapho kuhlangana khona amapuleti amathathu e-tectonic kwenza kube lula ukuthi kube nokuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo. Izinhlekelele eziningana ezinkulu eziye zahlasela i-Indonesia zifaka phakathi ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye ne-tsunami ngo-2004 e-Aceh kanye nokuqhuma kweNtaba iMerapi eYogyakarta. Lo msebenzi omkhulu wokuzamazama komhlaba udinga uhulumeni kanye nomphakathi ukuthi bahlale beqaphile futhi belungele izinhlekelele ezingaba khona.
7. I-Tsunami
Njengesizwe esinolwandle esizungezwe izilwandle eziningi, i-Indonesia nayo isengozini yokuhlaselwa yi-tsunami. Ukuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kolwandle kungabangela amagagasi e-tsunami, okungaba nemiphumela emibi emiphakathini yasogwini. I-tsunami enkulu e-Aceh, eyacekela phansi ingxenye enkulu yogu lwaseSumatra ngo-2004, yasebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi kanye nokulungiselela umphakathi ekubhekaneni nalolu songo.
Ukunciphisa izinhlekelele
8. Uhlelo Lokuxwayisa Kusenesikhathi kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezinhlekelele
Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wezinhlekelele zemvelo, i-Indonesia ithuthukise uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuphathwa kwezinhlekelele. I-Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) kanye ne-National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) banesibopho sokuqapha umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nowesimo sezulu ukuze banikeze ulwazi kanye nezixwayiso kusenesikhathi emphakathini.
9. Imfundo Yomphakathi Nokuqwashisa
Imfundo yomphakathi eqhubekayo kanye nokufinyelela umphakathi mayelana nezingozi zenhlekelele kanye nokunciphisa izinhlekelele kubalulekile. Ukulingisa izinhlekelele, ukuqeqeshwa kokuphendula eziphuthumayo, kanye nokufakwa kolwazi lwezinhlekelele ohlelweni lwezemfundo kungathuthukisa ukulungela komphakathi izinhlekelele.
Isiphetho
Indawo yase-Indonesia iveza izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi, kokubili njengomthombo wemithombo yemvelo engavamile kanye nengozi enkulu yenhlekelele. Imithombo yayo yamaminerali, amandla, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo inikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho nezendawo ezungezile. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yezinhlekelele zemvelo njengokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, kanye nama-tsunami idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ngamasu okunciphisa asebenzayo.
Imizamo kahulumeni kanye nokuhlanganyela komphakathi ekulungiseleleni izinhlekelele kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka. Ngokuphathwa kahle kwezingozi kanye nokusetshenziswa okusimeme kwezinsiza zemvelo, i-Indonesia ingaqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yayo ye-geological isebenza njengempahla ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo kwezwe.
