Okulandelayo uhlaka lwesihloko esinamagama ayi-1000 esikhuluma ngeNational Income.
Ingeniso Kazwelonke: Umqondo Nokulinganisa
Imali engenayo kazwelonke iyinkomba ebalulekile ekhombisa ukusebenza komnotho wezwe. Lesi silinganiso sisivumela ukuthi silinganise izinga lokukhula komnotho kanye nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi zalo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngomqondo oyisisekelo wemali engenayo kazwelonke, ukuthi ilinganiswa kanjani, kanye nokubaluleka kwayo emnothweni.
Ukuqonda Imali Engenayo Kazwelonke
Imali engenayo kazwelonke ingachazwa njengenani eliphelele lemali lazo zonke izimpahla nezinsizakalo ezikhiqizwa yizwe ngesikhathi esithile, ngokuvamile ngonyaka. Ihlanganisa iminikelo evela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezomnotho njengezolimo, imboni, kanye nezinsizakalo. Lo mqondo awuchazi nje kuphela umkhiqizo wezomnotho wezwe kodwa futhi nokwabiwa kwemali engenayo phakathi kwamalungu alo.
Izingxenye Zemali Engenayo Kazwelonke
Ngokuyisisekelo, imali engenayo kazwelonke iqukethe izingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko ezihlaziywa kahle:
1. Umkhiqizo Wezwe Wonke (i-GDP)
I-GDP iyinani eliphelele lezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezikhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe ngesikhathi esithile. I-GDP ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-GDP ejwayelekile (ngokusekelwe emananini emakethe amanje) kanye ne-GDP yangempela (ngokusekelwe emananini onyaka othile oyisisekelo ukuze kuqedwe imiphumela yokwehla kwamandla emali).
2. Umkhiqizo Kazwelonke Ophelele (i-GNP)
I-GNP ilinganisa umkhiqizo ophelele okhiqizwa yizakhamuzi zezwe, kokubili labo abahlala ngaphakathi kwezwe nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokungafani ne-GDP, i-GNP icabangela izici zobunikazi, okuhlanganisa imali engenayo evela ezintweni ezikhiqizwayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
3. Imali Engenayo Kazwelonke Ephelele (i-NNI)
I-NNI ilinganisa imali engenayo etholakala kubahlali bezwe ngemuva kokubala ukwehla kwenani lezimpahla ezinkulu. Lokhu kunikeza isithombe esinembile kakhulu semali engenayo engasetshenziswa noma etshalwa imali.
4. Imali engenayo ngomuntu ngamunye
Imali engenayo ngomuntu ngamunye iyimali engenayo ephakathi kwabantu bezwe. Itholakala ngokuhlukanisa imali engenayo iyonke kazwelonke ngenani labantu. Nakuba kulula, lesi sibonakaliso sivame ukusetshenziswa ukukala izinga eliphakathi lenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi zalo.
Izindlela Zokulinganisa Ingeniso Kazwelonke
Imali engenayo kazwelonke ingalinganiswa ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Indlela Yokukhiqiza
Le ndlela ibala imali engenayo kazwelonke kusukela enanini eliphelele elengeziwe elikhiqizwe yimikhakha ehlukahlukene yezomnotho. Inani elengeziwe libalwa ngokususa inani lezinto ezifakiwe eziphakathi enanini lomkhiqizo wokugcina.
2. Indlela Yokuthola Imali Engenayo
Le ndlela igcizelela imali engenayo iyonke etholwa yizici zokukhiqiza enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaholo kanye namaholo, inzuzo yokusebenza, imali engenayo yokuqasha, kanye nenzalo yemali eyinhloko.
3. Indlela Yokusebenzisa Imali
Kule ndlela, imali engenayo kazwelonke ibalwa kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwempahla nezinsizakalo zokugcina. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zezindleko zifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwemindeni, ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukusetshenziswa kukahulumeni, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe (ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe).
Ukubaluleka Kwemali Engenayo Kazwelonke Emnothweni
Ukuqapha izinguquko emholweni kazwelonke kubalulekile kubenzi bezinqubomgomo kanye nabadlali bezomnotho ngezizathu eziningana:
1. Izinkomba Zempilo Yezomnotho
Ukwenyuka kwemali engenayo kazwelonke kubonisa umnotho okhulayo nokhiqizayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehla kubonisa izinkinga zomnotho okudingeka kubhekwane nazo.
2. Umhleli Wenqubomgomo Yomphakathi
Ulwazi ngenzuzo kazwelonke lusiza uhulumeni ekwakheni izinqubomgomo zezimali, izabelomali zikazwelonke, kanye nokwaba izinsiza ngempumelelo.
3. Ukuheha Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Kwamanye Amazwe
Amazwe anemali engenayo kazwelonke enempilo futhi ezinzile avame ukukhanga kakhulu abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ngoba athembisa indawo yokutshala imali ephephile nenenzuzo.
4. Izinto Ezinquma Inhlalakahle Yomphakathi
Amazinga emali engenayo kazwelonke ahlobene kakhulu nezinga lokuphila kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Uma imali engenayo kazwelonke iphakeme, kulapho amathuba okwabiwa kwezinhlelo zenhlalakahle njengezempilo nemfundo emakhulu khona.
Izinselele Ekulinganiseni Imali Engenayo Kazwelonke
Naphezu kwendima ebalulekile, ukulinganisa imali engenayo kazwelonke nakho kubhekene nezinselele zobuchwepheshe nezomqondo:
1. Umnotho Ongahlelekile
Iningi lemisebenzi yezomnotho, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, lenzeka emkhakheni ongakahleleki, okunzima ukuwulinganisa ngokunembile, ngaleyo ndlela kuphazamise ukunemba kwedatha yengeniso kazwelonke.
2. Ukuguquguquka Kwentengo Yemakethe
Ukuguquguquka kwamanani ezimpahla kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali kungathinta ukulinganiswa kwemali engenayo kazwelonke uma kungafakwanga kahle ngezinkomba zamanani.
3. Ukusatshalaliswa Kwemali Engenayo
Ukwenyuka kwemali engenayo kazwelonke akubonisi njalo ukwabiwa kwemali engenayo ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukungalingani kwezomnotho.
Isiphetho
Imali engenayo kazwelonke iyisilinganiso esibalulekile sezomnotho esinikeza umbono jikelele wamandla ezomnotho wezwe. Ngokwesimo sokujulisa ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba wonke kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho, ukuqonda imali engenayo kazwelonke kubalulekile kuwo wonke amazwe ekwakheni izinqubomgomo zomnotho ezizinzile nezibandakanya wonke umuntu. Naphezu kwezinselele zokulinganisa, kubalulekile ukuthi siqhubeke nokulwela ukunikeza idatha enembile nefanele ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula komnotho kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi kabanzi.
