Umqondo Wengeniso Kazwelonke
Imali engenayo kazwelonke ingumqondo oyinhloko kwezomnotho, ilinganisa inani eliphelele lezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezikhiqizwa yizwe esikhathini esithile, ngokuvamile ngonyaka. Lo mqondo awuyona nje isisekelo sokuhlaziywa kwezomnotho kodwa futhi uyithuluzi elibalulekile kohulumeni ekuhleleni izinqubomgomo zezomnotho nasekumiseni izinto eziza kuqala ekuthuthukisweni kwezwe.
Ukuqonda Imali Engenayo Kazwelonke
Imali engenayo kazwelonke ingachazwa njengenani eliphelele lemali lomkhiqizo wokugcina okhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwezwe ngonyaka. Ihlanganisa zonke izimpahla nezinsizakalo ezikhiqizwe ukusetshenziswa, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ngokubanzi, imali engenayo kazwelonke ibonisa impilo yezomnotho yezwe kanye nenhlalakahle yezomnotho yezakhamuzi zalo.
Izingxenye Zemali Engenayo Kazwelonke
Imali engenayo kazwelonke iqukethe izingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko ezihlanganisa:
1. Umkhiqizo Wezwe Wonke (i-GDP)
I-GDP iyisilinganiso esivame kakhulu semali engenayo kazwelonke. Ibala inani eliphelele lezimpahla nezinsizakalo zokugcina ezikhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokubala i-GDP: indlela yokukhiqiza, indlela yokusebenzisa imali, kanye nendlela yokuthola imali. Indlela ngayinye inikeza umbono ohlukile kodwa ifinyelela umphumela ofanayo.
2. Umkhiqizo Kazwelonke Ophelele (i-GNP)
I-GNP ifana ne-GDP, kodwa futhi ibheka imali engenayo evela kwamanye amazwe. Okusho ukuthi, i-GNP yengeza imali engenayo etholwa izakhamuzi ezivela kwamanye amazwe bese isusa imali engenayo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
3. Imali Engenayo Kazwelonke Ephelele (i-NNI)
I-NNI iyimali engenayo iyonke etholwa yizakhamuzi, ngemva kokususa ukwehla kwenani ku-GNI. Lokhu kunikeza isithombe esinembile semali engenayo engasetshenziswa ngempela ekusetshenzisweni nasekulongeni.
4. Imali Engenayo Yomuntu Siqu
Imali engenayo yomuntu siqu iyimali engenayo iyonke etholwa ngumuntu ngesimo somholo, iholo, inzalo, izinzuzo kanye nenzuzo.
5. Imali Engenayo Elahlekayo
Lena imali engenayo esele yokusetshenziswa nokonga ngemva kokukhipha intela eqondile. Imali engenayo elahlekayo iyisilinganiso esibalulekile senhlalakahle yezomnotho yomuntu ngamunye, njengoba ikhombisa inani lezinsiza umndeni ongazisebenzisa noma uzitshale ngokukhululeka.
Izindlela Zokubala Ingeniso Kazwelonke
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo ukubala imali engenayo kazwelonke:
1. Indlela Yokukhiqiza
Le ndlela ilinganisa umkhiqizo wokugcina okhiqizwe esikhathini ngokufingqa inani elengeziwe elikhiqizwe esigabeni ngasinye sokukhiqiza.
2. Indlela Yokusebenzisa Imali
Indlela yokusebenzisa imali ihlola imali engenayo kazwelonke kusukela ohlangothini lwesidingo ngokuhlanganisa izindleko eziphelele zezimpahla nezinsizakalo zokugcina zemindeni, amabhizinisi, uhulumeni kanye nomkhakha wangaphandle.
3. Indlela Yokuthola Imali Engenayo
Le ndlela ihlola imali engenayo kazwelonke ngokuhlanganisa imali engenayo yezinto zokukhiqiza, njengeholo, irenti, inzalo, kanye nenzuzo. Imali engenayo etholwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ifingqwe ukuze kutholakale imali engenayo iyonke kazwelonke.
Ukubaluleka Kwemali Engenayo Kazwelonke
Ukulinganisa imali engenayo kazwelonke kubalulekile ngezizathu eziningana:
- Izinkomba Zempilo Yezomnotho
Imali engenayo kazwelonke inikeza umbono jikelele wempilo yezomnotho yezwe. Isibonelo, ukwanda kwemali engenayo kazwelonke kuvame ukukhombisa ukukhula komnotho futhi kungabonisa ukuthuthuka kwezinga lokuphila labantu.
- Ukuhlela Inqubomgomo
Ohulumeni basebenzisa idatha yengeniso kazwelonke ukuklama izinqubomgomo zomnotho, okuhlanganisa izinqubomgomo zezimali nezemali. Le datha iyasiza ekwenzeni izinqumo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemali komphakathi, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nezinqubomgomo zentela.
- Ukuqhathaniswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe
Ukulinganisa imali engenayo kazwelonke kungasetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa amazinga enhlalakahle yezomnotho phakathi kwamazwe. Lokhu kunikeza ukuqonda ngesimo sezwe emhlabeni jikelele.
- Ukwabiwa Kwezinsizakusebenza
Ngokuqonda imali engenayo kazwelonke, abenzi bezinqubomgomo bangenza izinqumo ezingcono mayelana nokwabiwa kwezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokutshala imali emikhakheni ebaluleke kakhulu njengemfundo, impilo kanye nengqalasizinda.
Imikhawulo Yengeniso Kazwelonke
Nakuba ukulinganisa imali engenayo kazwelonke kubalulekile, kunemikhawulo eminingana:
– Akumbozi Imisebenzi Engeyona Eyemakethe
Imali engenayo kazwelonke ayifaki ukuthengiselana okungeyona eyemakethe, njengomsebenzi wasekhaya owenziwa mahhala, yize le misebenzi inegalelo elikhulu emnothweni.
- Ukungacabangi ngokwabiwa kwemali engenayo
Ukulinganisa imali engenayo kazwelonke akunikezi ulwazi mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo ezweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amazwe amabili anemali engenayo kazwelonke efanayo angaba nokusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo okuhluke kakhulu.
– Ukunganaki Inhlalakahle Engeyona Eyezomnotho
Izici ezifana nenjabulo, ikhwalithi yemvelo, kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi azibonakali ezilinganisweni zemali engenayo kazwelonke.
Isiphetho
Imali engenayo kazwelonke iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokulinganisa ukusebenza komnotho wezwe, inikeza abenzi bezinqubomgomo kanye nezazi zezomnotho ulwazi oludingekayo lokuklama izinqubomgomo namasu okuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezomnotho. Naphezu kwemingcele yayo, uma isetshenziswa kanye nezinye izinkomba, imali engenayo kazwelonke inganikeza umbono ophelele wenhlalakahle yezomnotho futhi isekele ukuhlela okuphumelelayo kwentuthuko yezomnotho esimeme.
